ASN Report 2018

To conclude, as in the preceding years, the results for the doses received by the workers in 2017 remained stable, with the annual dose received remaining below 1 mSv for about 96% of the workers liable to be exposed, and two cases exceeding the annual limit dose of 20 mSv. Monitoring of exposure of the lens of the eye with, for this tissue, compliance with the new limit, constitutes the main objective of radiation protection in the immediate years and more specifically in the area of fluoroscopy-guided interventional medical practices. 3.1.2  –  Worker exposure to TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) Occupational exposure to TENORM is the result either of the ingestion of dust containing large amounts of radionuclides (phosphates, metal ore), or of the inhalation of radon formed by uranium decay (poorly ventilated warehouses, thermal baths) or of external exposure due to process deposits (scale forming in piping for example). The results of studies carried out in France from 2005 until their publication by ASN in January 2010, along with the more recent studies, show that 85% of the doses received by workers in the industries concerned remained below 1 mSv/year. The industrial sectors in which worker exposure is liable to exceed 1mSv/year are the following: titanium ore processing, heating systems and recycling of refractory ceramics, maintenance of parts comprising thorium alloys in the aeronautical sector, chemical processing of zircon ore, mechanical transformation and utilisation of zircon and processing of rare earths. The trends observed and published in 2010 are still valid in view of the files received up to 2017. Only one study was produced in 2017 (coal-fired power station sector). The estimated doses are all below 0.05 mSv/year. 3.1.3  –  Flight crew exposure to cosmic radiation Airline flight crews and certain frequent flyers are exposed to significant doses owing to the altitude and the intensity of cosmic radiation at high altitude. These doses can exceed 1 mSv/year. Since 1 July 2014, the date of entry into effect of the Order of 17 July 2013 relative to the medical and dosimetric monitoring card for workers exposed to ionising radiation, the Sievert system for calculating the cosmic radiation doses received by flight crews during a flight (system put in place by the DGAC - General Directorate for Civil Aviation, IRSN, the Paris Observatory and the French Institute for Polar Research Paul-Emile Victor ( sievert-system.com ) , has been changed. It is IRSN that calculates the individual doses avec the SievertPN application on the basis of the flight and personnel presence data provided by the airlines. These data are subsequently transmitted to Siseri, the French national worker dosimetry registry. As at 31 December 2017, SievertPN had sent Siseri all the flight crew doses for ten airlines having subscribed to the system, giving a total of 22,600 flight crew members monitored by this system. In 2017, 19% of the individual doses were below 1 mSv and 81% of the individual annual doses were between 1 mSv and 5 mSv. The maximum permitted individual annual dose is 5.5 mSv. 3.2  ̶  Doses received by the population 3.2.1  –  Doses received by the population as a result of nuclear activities The automated monitoring networks managed nationwide by IRSN ( Téléray , Hydrotéléray and Téléhydro networks) offer real-time monitoring of environmental radioactivity and can highlight any abnormal variation. In the case of an accident or incident leading to the release of radioactive substances, these measurement networks would play an essential role by providing data to back the decisions to be taken by the Results of dosimetry monitoring of worker external exposure to ionising radiation (natural radioactivity excluded) in 2017 (Source: Occupational exposure to ionising radiation in France - IRSN results, June 2018 ) ཛྷ ཛྷ Total population monitored: 360,694 workers ཛྷ ཛྷ Monitored population for whom the dose remained below the detection threshold: 285,856 workers, or more than 79% ཛྷ ཛྷ Monitored population for whom the dose remained between the detection threshold and 1 mSv: 61,927 workers, or about 17% ཛྷ ཛྷ Monitored population for whom the dose remained between 1 mSv and 20 mSv: 12,911 workers, or more than 3.6% ཛྷ ཛྷ Monitored population for whom the annual effective dose exceeded 20 mSv: 2 workers ཛྷ ཛྷ Monitored population for whom the annual effective dose to the extremities exceeded 500 mSv: 4 workers ཛྷ ཛྷ Collective dose (sum of individual doses): 53.5 man-Sv ཛྷ ཛྷ Annual average individual dose in the population which recorded a dose higher than the detection threshold: 0.72 mSv Results of internal exposure monitoring (natural radioactivity excluded) in 2017 ཛྷ ཛྷ Number of routine examinations carried out: 243,871  (of which less than 0.7% were considered positive) ཛྷ ཛྷ Population for which a dose estimation was made: 439 workers ཛྷ ཛྷ Number of special monitoring examinations or verifications performed: 9,159 (of which 12% were above the detection threshold) ཛྷ ཛྷ Population having recorded a committed effective dose exceeding 1 mSv: 3 workers Results of cosmic radiation exposure monitoring in 2017 (civil aviation) ཛྷ ཛྷ Collective dose for 22,600 flight crew members: 46.9 man-Sv ཛྷ ཛྷ Annual average individual dose: 2.1 mSv Results of monitoring of exposure to natural radionuclides of the uranium and thorium decay chains in 2017 ཛྷ ཛྷ External exposure: • collective dose for 1,425 workers: 61 man-mSv • annual average individual dose in the population which recorded a dose higher than the detection threshold: 0.22 mSv ཛྷ ཛྷ Internal exposure: • collective dose for 375 workers: 76 man-mSv • annual average individual dose in the population which recorded a dose higher than the detection threshold: 0.60 mSv 100  ASN report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2018 01 – NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES: IONISING RADIATION AND HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS