Abstracts ASN Report 2019

ב ِ א ِ « א ƺɮǣƺɯ Ȓǔ Ɏǝƺ ƏȵȵǼǣƬƏɎǣȒȇɀ ȸƺȷɖǣȸƺƳ ƫɵ Ɏǝƺ ¨ɖƫǼǣƬ RƺƏǼɎǝ !ȒƳƺ ASN is responsible for reviewing applications to possess and use ionising radiation sources in the medical and industrial sectors. ASN also deals with the specified procedures for the acquisition, distribution, import, export, transfer, recovery and disposal of radioactive sources. It in particular relies on the inspection reports from the approved organisations and the reports on the steps taken to remedy nonconformities detected during these inspections. In addition to the verifications carried out under the responsibility of the facilities and the periodic checks required by the regulations, ASN carries out its own controls when examining the applications. ב ِ ב nƺɀɀȒȇɀ ǼƺƏȸȇƺƳ ǔȸȒȅ ɀǣǕȇǣǔǣƬƏȇɎ ƺɮƺȇɎɀ ב ِ ב ِ׏ ȇȒȅƏǼɵ ƳƺɎƺƬɎǣȒȇ ƏȇƳ ƏȇƏǼɵɀǣɀ • History Ļĸ ļŁŇĸŅŁĴŇļłŁĴĿ łŁʼnĸŁŇļłŁņ ŅĴŇļĹļĸķ ĵŌ ŅĴŁĶĸ Ҏ ŅŇļĶĿĸ ӄӌʼnļ łĹ ŇĻĸ łŁʼnĸŁŇļłŁ łŁ ňĶĿĸĴŅ ĴĹĸŇŌ łĹ ӅӃׇ ĸŃŇĸŀĵĸŅ ӄӌӌӇђ ŅŇļĶĿĸ ӌʼn łĹ ŇĻĸ łļŁŇ łŁʼnĸŁŇļłŁ łŁ ŇĻĸ ĴĹĸŇŌ łĹ ŃĸŁŇ ňĸĿ Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management łĹ ӈׇ ĸŃŇĸŀĵĸŅ ӄӌӌӊҏ ŅĸńňļŅĸ ŇĻĴŇ ĿļĶĸŁņĸĸņё łŁ ĴĶĶłňŁŇ łĹ ŇĻĸ defence in depth principle, implement a reliable system for early detection of any anomalies that may occur, such as equipment failures or errors in the application of operating rules. Ten years ŃŅĸʼnļłňņĿŌё ŇĻĸ Ѣ ňĴĿļŇŌ ŅķĸŅѣ łĹ ӄӃׇ ňĺňņŇ ӄӌӋӇׇĴĿŅĸĴķŌ ŅĸńňļŅĸķ the adoption of such a system. Based on thirty years of experience, ASN felt that it would be useful to transpose this approach, initially limited to nuclear safety, to radiation protection and protection of the environment. ASN thus drafted three guides defining the principles and reiterating the obligations binding on the licensees with regard to notification of incidents and accidents: ҄ ňļķĸ łĹ Ӆӄׇ ĶŇłĵĸŅ ӅӃӃӈׇĶłŁŇĴļŁņ ŇĻĸ ŅĸńňļŅĸŀĸŁŇņ ĴŃŃĿļĶĴĵĿĸ to BNI licensees and to on-site transport managers. It concerns significant events affecting the nuclear safety of BNIs, radioactive material transports taking place inside the perimeter of the BNI or an industrial site and without using the public highway, radiation protection and protection of the environment. ҄ ňļķĸ łє ӄӄׇłĹ ӊׇ ĶŇłĵĸŅ ӅӃӃӌё ňŃķĴŇĸķ ļŁ ňĿŌ ӅӃӄӈё ĶłŁŇĴļŁņ provisions applicable to those in charge of nuclear activities Ĵņ ķĸĹļŁĸķ ļŁ ŅŇļĶĿĸ єׇӄӆӆӆіӄׇłĹ ŇĻĸ ňĵĿļĶ ĸĴĿŇĻ łķĸ ĴŁķ to the heads of the facilities in which ionising radiation is used (medical, industrial and research activities using ionising radiation). ҄ ňļķĸ łє ӆӄׇķĸņĶŅļĵĸņ ŃŅłĶĸķňŅĸņ ĹłŅ ŇĻĸ ŁłŇļĹļĶĴŇļłŁ łĹ events relating to the transport of radioactive substances (see ĶĻĴŃŇĸŅׇӌҏє Ļļņ ĺňļķĸ ĻĴņ ĵĸĸŁ ĴŃŃĿļĶĴĵĿĸ ņļŁĶĸ ӄׇ ňĿŌ ӅӃӄӊє These guides can be consulted on the ASN website, asn.fr . • áǝƏɎ ǣɀ Ə ɀǣǕȇǣǔǣƬƏȇɎ ƺɮƺȇɎّ Detection of events (deviations, anomalies, incidents, etc.) by those in charge of the activities using ionising radiation, and implementation of corrective measures decided after analysis, play a fundamental role ļŁ ĴĶĶļķĸŁŇ ŃŅĸʼnĸŁŇļłŁє łŅ ĸŋĴŀŃĿĸё ŇĻĸ ŁňĶĿĸĴŅ ĿļĶĸŁņĸĸņ ķĸŇĸĶŇ ĴŁķ ĴŁĴĿŌņĸ ņĸʼnĸŅĴĿ ĻňŁķŅĸķ ĴŁłŀĴĿļĸņ ĸʼnĸŅŌ ŌĸĴŅё ĹłŅ ĸĴĶĻ ŅĸĴĶŇłŅє Prioritising the anomalies should enable the most important ones to be addressed first. The regulations have defined a category of anomalies called “significant events”. These events are sufficiently important in terms of safety or radiation protection to justify rapid notification of ASN, with a more complete analysis subsequently being sent to it. Significant events must be notified to it, as specified ļŁ ŇĻĸ ŅķĸŅ łĹ ӊׇ ĸĵŅňĴŅŌ ӅӃӄӅׇҎ ŅŇļĶĿĸ ӅєӉєӇҏё ŇĻĸ ňĵĿļĶ ĸĴĿŇĻ łķĸ Ҏ ŅŇļĶĿĸņ єׇӄӆӆӆіӄӆё єׇӄӆӆӆіӅӄׇĴŁķ єׇӄӆӆӆіӅӅҏё ŇĻĸ ĴĵłňŅ łķĸ Ҏ ŅŇļĶĿĸ єׇӇӇӈӄіӊӇҏ ĴŁķ ŇĻĸ ŅĸĺňĿĴŇłŅŌ ŇĸŋŇņ ĴŃŃĿļĶĴĵĿĸ Ňł ŇĻĸ transport of radioactive substances (for instance, the European agreement on the carriage of Dangerous goods by Road). The criteria for notifying the public authorities of events considered to be “significant” take account of the following: ҄ the actual or potential consequences for workers, the public, patients or the environment, of events that could occur and affect nuclear safety or radiation protection; ҄ the main technical, human or organisational causes that led to the occurrence of such an event. This notification process is part of the continuous safety improvement approach. It requires the active participation of all players (users of ionising radiation, carriers, etc.) in the detection and analysis of deviations. It enables the authorities: ҄ to ensure that the licensee has suitably analysed the event and taken appropriate measures to remedy the situation and prevent it from happening again; ҄ to ensure that other parties responsible for similar activities benefit from experience feedback about the event. The purpose of this system is not to identify or penalise any individual person or party. Moreover, the number and rating on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES scale) of the significant events which have occurred in a nuclear facility are not on their own indicators of the facility’s level of safety. On the one hand, a given rating level is an over-simplification and is unable to reflect the complexity of an event and, on the other, the number of events listed depends on the level of notification compliance. The trend in the number of events does not therefore reflect any real trend in the safety level of the facility concerned. TABLE 5 Number of organisations approved for measuring radon levels (*) zÈx 0«…I ¨¨«…à0(…«J zX³ ÁX…z³ ٨ ³ Á ב ׏ٜ׏ א ٜ א ׎׏ ח ٩ nƺɮƺǼ ׏ ژ ȒȵɎǣȒȇ (**) 78 nƺɮƺǼ ׏ ژ ȒȵɎǣȒȇ (***) 10 Level 2 (****) 9 ن X«³z ǣɀ ƏǼɀȒ ƬȒȅȵƺɎƺȇɎ ǔȒȸ Ɏǝƺ ȅƺƏɀɖȸƺȅƺȇɎ Ȓǔ ȸƏƳȒȇ ٢«ِ ژ ׏ הבٮבבב Ȓǔ Ɏǝƺ ¨ɖƫǼǣƬ RƺƏǼɎǝ !ȒƳƺ٣ِ ** Workplaces and premises open to the public for all building types. *** Workplaces, cavities and underground structures (except buildings). **** Represents complementary investigations. 148 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 ׎ ٲ ב REGULATION OF NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES AND EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION