Abstracts ASN Report 2019

׭٫ ڲ Monitoring the impact of nuclear activities and radioactivity in the environment 3. A micro-pollutant can be defined as an undesirable substance detectable in the environment at very low concentrations. Its presence is due, at least in part, to human activity (industrial processes, agricultural practices or day to day activities) and it may, at these very small concentrations, create negative effects on living organisms owing to its toxicity, its persistence and its bioaccumulation. ג ِ׏ xȒȇǣɎȒȸǣȇǕ ƳǣɀƬǝƏȸǕƺɀ ƏȇƳ Ɏǝƺ ƺȇɮǣȸȒȇȅƺȇɎƏǼ ƏȇƳ ǝƺƏǼɎǝ ǣȅȵƏƬɎ Ȓǔ ȇɖƬǼƺƏȸ ƏƬɎǣɮǣɎǣƺɀ ג ِ׏ِ׏ xȒȇǣɎȒȸǣȇǕ Ȓǔ ƳǣɀƬǝƏȸǕƺɀ Ļĸ ŅķĸŅ łĹ ӊׇ ĸĵŅňĴŅŌ ӅӃӄӅׇĴŁķ ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ ӅӃӄӆі іӃӆӉӃׇłĹ ӄӉׇ ňĿŌ ӅӃӄӆё ĴŀĸŁķĸķё ņĸŇ ŇĻĸ ĺĸŁĸŅĴĿ ŅĸńňļŅĸŀĸŁŇņ applicable to any BNI with regard to their water intake and discharges. In addition to these provisions, in its resolution 2017- іӃӈӋӋׇłĹ Ӊׇ ŃŅļĿ ӅӃӄӊё ķĸĹļŁĸķ ŇĻĸ ĶłŁķļŇļłŁņ ĹłŅ ŊĴŇĸŅ intake and consumption, effluent discharge and environmental monitoring applicable more specifically to PWRs. This resolution was approved by the Minister for Ecological and Solidarity-based ŅĴŁņļŇļłŁ ļŁ ĴŁ ŅķĸŅ łĹ ӄӇׇ ňŁĸ ӅӃӄӊє Apart from the above-mentioned general provisions, ASN resolutions set specific requirements for each facility, more particularly the water intake and discharge limits. • xȒȇǣɎȒȸǣȇǕ ƳǣɀƬǝƏȸǕƺɀ ǔȸȒȅ zXɀ The monitoring of discharges from an installation is essentially the responsibility of the licensee. The ASN requirements regulating discharges stipulate the minimum checks that the licensee is required to carry out. The monitoring focuses on the liquid and gaseous effluents (monitoring of the activity of discharges, characterisation of certain effluents prior to discharge, etc.) and on the environment around the facility (checks during discharge, samples of air, water, milk, grass, etc.). The results of this monitoring are recorded in registers transmitted to ASN every month. The BNI licensees also regularly transmit a certain number of discharge samples to an independent laboratory for additional analysis. The results of these “cross-checks” are sent to ASN. This programme of cross-checks defined by ASN is a way of ensuring that the accuracy of the measurements taken by the licensee laboratories is maintained over time. • Áǝƺ ǣȇɀȵƺƬɎǣȒȇɀ ƬƏȸȸǣƺƳ ȒɖɎ ƫɵ ³z Through dedicated inspections, ASN ensures that the licensees actually comply with the regulations binding on them with regard to the management of discharges and the environmental and health impact of their facilities. Every year, it carries out about ӌӃׇļŁņŃĸĶŇļłŁņ łĹ ŇĻļņ ŇŌŃĸё ņŃĿļŇ ļŁŇł ŇĻŅĸĸ ŇłŃļĶņѓ ҄ prevention of pollution and management of detrimental effects; ҄ water intake and effluent discharge, monitoring of discharges and the environment; ҄ waste management. Each of these topics covers both radiological and non-radiological aspects. ʼnĸŅŌ ŌĸĴŅё ĶĴŅŅļĸņ łňŇ ӄӃׇŇł ӅӃׇļŁņŃĸĶŇļłŁņ ŊļŇĻ ņĴŀŃĿļŁĺ and measurement. They are generally unannounced and are run with the support of specialist, independent laboratories appointed by ASN. Effluent and environmental samples are ŇĴľĸŁ ĹłŅ ŅĴķļłĿłĺļĶĴĿ ĴŁķ ĶĻĸŀļĶĴĿ ĴŁĴĿŌņĸņє ļŁĴĿĿŌё ĸʼnĸŅŌ year, ASN carries out several reinforced inspections which aim to check the organisation put into place by the licensee to protect the environment; the scope of the inspection is then broadened to cover all of the above-mentioned topics. Within this context, simulations such as exercises to test the organisation implemented for pollution management can be carried out. • א ׎׏ אٮה ׎ א ׏ ژ xǣƬȸȒ ٮ ȵȒǼǼɖɎƏȇɎɀ ¨ǼƏȇ Ļĸ ӅӃӄӉіӅӃӅӄׇ ļĶŅłіŃłĿĿňŇĴŁŇ ĿĴŁ (3) designed to preserve the quality of water and biodiversity, presented by the Minister for Ecology in September 2016, aims to protect surface waters, groundwaters, biota, sediments and waters intended for human consumption from all molecules liable to pollute the water resources, more particularly those previously identified during ĶĴŀŃĴļĺŁņ Ňł ĸĴŅĶĻ ĹłŅ ĴōĴŅķłňņ ňĵņŇĴŁĶĸņ ļŁ ĴŇĸŅ Ҏ ҏє This plan meets the good water quality objectives set by the framework directive on water and contributes to those of the framework strategy directive for the marine environment, by limiting the input of pollutants into the marine environment from water courses. łŅ ŇĻĸ ņё ŇĻĸ ĶĴŀŃĴļĺŁņ Ňł ņĸĴŅĶĻ ĹłŅ ĻĴōĴŅķłňņ ņňĵņŇĴŁĶĸņ ļŁ ŊĴŇĸŅ ĶłŁĶĿňķĸķ ŇĻĴŇ ĶĿłņĸ ŀłŁļŇłŅļŁĺ łĹ ĶłŃŃĸŅ ĴŁķ ōļŁĶ discharges was required. Under the Micro-pollutants Plan, the ĴĶŇļłŁ ļŁļŇļĴŇĸķ ļŁ ӅӃӄӊׇĶłŀŃŅļņĸņ ŇĻŅĸĸ ŃĴŅŇņѓ ҄ monitor the effective implementation of the action plan ŃŅłŃłņĸķ ĵŌ Ňł ŅĸķňĶĸ ķļņĶĻĴŅĺĸņ łĹ ĶłŃŃĸŅ ĴŁķ ōļŁĶ (gradual replacement of the brass condenser tubes with stainless steel or titanium tubes); ҄ monitor the discharge trends for these substances; ҄ if necessary revise the individual requirements applicable to NPPs, setting emission limits for these substances. ł ĴĿĿłŊ Ĵ ŅĸʼnļņļłŁ łĹ ŇĻĸ ĸŀļņņļłŁ ĿļŀļŇņ ĹłŅ ĶłŃŃĸŅ ĴŁķ ōļŁĶё ĴŀłŁĺ łŇĻĸŅ ŇĻļŁĺņё ĻĴņ ņļŁĶĸ ŇĻĸ ĸŁķ łĹ ӅӃӄӋׇĵĸĸŁ carrying out work to revise the resolutions regulating water discharge and intake for the NPPs of Dampierre-en-Burly and Belleville-sur-Loire. • ƬƬȒɖȇɎǣȇǕ Ȓǔ zX ƳǣɀƬǝƏȸǕƺɀ The rules for accounting of discharges, both radioactive and chemical, are set in the general regulations by amended ASN ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ ӅӃӄӆі іӃӆӉӃׇłĹ ӄӉׇ ňĿŌ ӅӃӄӆׇŅĸĿĴŇļʼnĸ Ňł ĶłŁŇŅłĿ łĹ the detrimental effects and the impact of BNIs on health and the environment. These rules were set so as to guarantee that the discharge values accounted by the licensees, notably those taken into account in the impact calculations, will in no case be under-estimated. łŅ ķļņĶĻĴŅĺĸņ łĹ ŅĴķļłĴĶŇļʼnĸ ņňĵņŇĴŁĶĸņё ĴĶĶłňŁŇļŁĺ ļņ ŁłŇ ĵĴņĸķ on overall measurements, but on an analysis per radionuclide, introducing the notion of a “reference spectrum”, listing the radionuclides specific to the type of discharge in question. …ȵƺȸƏɎǣȇǕ 0ɴȵƺȸǣƺȇƬƺ IƺƺƳƫƏƬǸ ٢…0I٣ Following the fire which broke out on ژהא ³ƺȵɎƺȅƫƺȸ אژ ׎׏ ח ǣȇ Ɏǝƺ nɖƫȸǣɿȒǼ ȵǼƏȇɎ ǣȇ «ژ Ȓɖƺȇً ASN asked the BNI licensees to learn the relevant lessons from this accident. ASN will be stepping ɖȵ Ɏǝƺ ȇɖȅƫƺȸ Ȓǔ ǣȇɀȵƺƬɎǣȒȇɀ Ȓȇ Ɏǝƺ ژ ɎȒȵǣƬ Ȓǔ ژ ȅƏȇƏǕǣȇǕ ȇȒȇ ٮ ȸƏƳǣȒǼȒǕǣƬƏǼ ȸǣɀǸɀ ǣȇ zXɀ ǣȇ אژ ׎ א ׎ ƏȇƳ Ɏǝƺ ɀɖƫɀƺȷɖƺȇɎ ɵƺƏȸɀِ ³z ɯǣǼǼ ƏǼɀȒ be taking part in the work to be done to learn Ɏǝƺ ژ ǼƺɀɀȒȇɀ ǔȸȒȅ Ɏǝƺ ȅƏȇƏǕƺȅƺȇɎ Ȓǔ Ɏǝƺ ƺɮƺȇɎِ ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 153 03 ׎ ٲ ב REGULATION OF NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES AND EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION