Abstracts ASN Report 2019

ג ِ א 0ȇɮǣȸȒȇȅƺȇɎƏǼ ȅȒȇǣɎȒȸǣȇǕ ג ِ א ِ׏ Áǝƺ IȸƺȇƬǝ zƏɎǣȒȇƏǼ zƺɎɯȒȸǸ ǔȒȸ 0ȇɮǣȸȒȇȅƺȇɎƏǼ «ƏƳǣȒƏƬɎǣɮǣɎɵ xȒȇǣɎȒȸǣȇǕ ٢«zx٣ Ł ŅĴŁĶĸё ŀĴŁŌ ŃĴŅŇļĸņ ĴŅĸ ļŁʼnłĿʼnĸķ ļŁ ĸŁʼnļŅłŁŀĸŁŇĴĿ radioactivity monitoring: Ҋ the nuclear facility licensees, who perform monitoring around their sites; Ҋ ё ҎŊĻłņĸ ŅłĿĸņ ķĸĹļŁĸķ ĵŌ ĸĶŅĸĸ ӅӃӄӉіӅӋӆׇłĹ ӄӃׇ ĴŅĶĻ ӅӃӄӉׇļŁĶĿňķĸ ŃĴŅŇļĶļŃĴŇļłŁ ļŁ ŅĴķļłĿłĺļĶĴĿ ŀłŁļŇłŅļŁĺ of the environment), the Ministries –General Directorate ĹłŅ ĸĴĿŇĻ Ҏ ҏё ĸŁĸŅĴĿ ļŅĸĶŇłŅĴŇĸ ĹłŅ łłķё ĸŁĸŅĴĿ Directorate for Competition Policy, Consumer Affairs and ŅĴňķ łŁŇŅłĿё ĸŇĶє҂ё ŇĻĸ ŇĴŇĸ ņĸŅʼnļĶĸņ ĴŁķ łŇĻĸŅ ŃňĵĿļĶ ŃĿĴŌĸŅņ performing monitoring duties nationwide or in particular sectors (foodstuffs for example, monitored by the Ministry responsible for agriculture); Ҋ the approved air quality monitoring associations (local authorities), environmental protection associations and Local Information Committees (CLIs). Ļĸ ŅĸŁĶĻ ĴŇļłŁĴĿ ĸŇŊłŅľ ĹłŅ ŁʼnļŅłŁŀĸŁŇĴĿ ĴķļłĴĶŇļʼnļŇŌ Monitoring (RNM) brings all these players together. Its primary aim is to collect and make available to the public all the regulatory ĸŁʼnļŅłŁŀĸŁŇĴĿ ŀĸĴņňŅĸŀĸŁŇņ ŇĴľĸŁ łŁ ŅĸŁĶĻ ŇĸŅŅļŇłŅŌё ĵŌ ŀĸĴŁņ of a dedicated website ( mesure-radioactivite.fr ). The quality of these measurements is guaranteed by subjecting the measuring laboratories to an approval procedure (see point 4.3). The guidelines of the RNM are decided by a network steering committee made up of representatives from all the stakeholders in the network: ministerial departments, regional health agencies, representatives of nuclear licensee or association laboratories, members of the CLIs, of IRSN, of ASN, etc. ג ِ א ِ א Áǝƺ ȵɖȸȵȒɀƺ Ȓǔ ƺȇɮǣȸȒȇȅƺȇɎƏǼ ȅȒȇǣɎȒȸǣȇǕ The licensees are responsible for monitoring the environment around their facilities. The content of the monitoring programmes to be implemented in this respect (measurements to be taken ĴŁķ ĹŅĸńňĸŁĶŌҏ ļņ ķĸĹļŁĸķ ļŁ ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ ӅӃӄӆі іӃӆӉӃׇłĹ ӄӉׇ ňĿŌ ӅӃӄӆׇĴŁķ ļŁ ŇĻĸ ļŁķļʼnļķňĴĿ ŅĸńňļŅĸŀĸŁŇņ ĴŃŃĿļĶĴĵĿĸ Ňł ĸĴĶĻ installation (Creation Authorisation Decree, discharge licensing orders or ASN resolutions), independently of the additional measures that can be taken by the licensees for the purposes of their own monitoring. This environmental monitoring: Ҋ contributes to understanding the radiological and radio- ecological state of the facility’s environment through measurements of parameters and substances regulated in the requirements, in the various environmental compartments (air, water, soil) as well as in the biotopes and food-chain (milk, plants, etc.): a datum is determined before the facility is created and monitoring the environment throughout the lifetime of the facility enables any changes in this datum to be followed; Ҋ helps verify that the impact of the facility on health and the environment is in conformity with the impact assessment; Ҋ detects any abnormal increase in radioactivity as early as possible; Ҋ ensures there are no facility malfunctions, including by analysing the ground water and checking licensees’ compliance with the regulations; Ҋ contributes to transparency and information of the public by transmitting monitoring data to the RNM. ג ِ א ِ ! ב ȒȇɎƺȇɎ Ȓǔ ȅȒȇǣɎȒȸǣȇǕ ĿĿ ŇĻĸ ŁňĶĿĸĴŅ ņļŇĸņ ļŁ ŅĴŁĶĸ ŇĻĴŇ ŃŅłķňĶĸ ķļņĶĻĴŅĺĸņ ĴŅĸ ņňĵĽĸĶŇ to systematic environmental monitoring. This monitoring is proportionate to the environmental risks or drawbacks of the facility, as presented in the authorisation file, particularly the impact assessment. The regulation monitoring of the environment of BNIs is tailored to each type of facility, depending on whether it is a nuclear power reactor, a plant, a research facility, a waste disposal facility, and so on. The minimum provisions of this monitoring are defined ĵŌ ŇĻĸ ĴŀĸŁķĸķ ŅķĸŅ łĹ ӊׇ ĸĵŅňĴŅŌ ӅӃӄӅׇņĸŇŇļŁĺ ŇĻĸ ĺĸŁĸŅĴĿ rules for BNIs and by the above-mentioned modified resolution łĹ ӄӉׇ ňĿŌׇӅӃӄӆє Ļļņ ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ łĵĿļĺĸņ ĿļĶĸŁņĸĸņ Ňł ĻĴʼnĸ approved laboratories take the environmental radioactivity measurements required by the regulations. Depending on specific local features, monitoring may vary from łŁĸ ņļŇĸ Ňł ĴŁłŇĻĸŅє ĴĵĿĸ ӊׇĺļʼnĸņ ĸŋĴŀŃĿĸņ łĹ ŇĻĸ ŀłŁļŇłŅļŁĺ performed by the licensee of an NPP and of a research centre or plant. When several facilities (whether or not BNIs) are present on the same site, joint monitoring of all these installations is possible, as has been the case, for example, on the Cadarache and Tricastin sites since 2006. These monitoring principles are supplemented in the individual requirements applicable to the facilities by monitoring measures specific to the risks inherent in the industrial processes they use. áǣɎǝ ȸƺǕƏȸƳ ɎȒ Ɏǝƺ ȅƺƏɀɖȸƺȅƺȇɎɀ ཛྷ The Decision Threshold (SD) is the value above which it is possible with a high degree of confidence to conclude that a radionuclide is present in the sample. ཛྷ The Detection Limit (LD) is the value as of which Ɏǝƺ ژ ȅƺƏɀɖȸƺȅƺȇɎ ɎƺƬǝȇǣȷɖƺ ǣɀ ƏƫǼƺ ɎȒ ȷɖƏȇɎǣǔɵ a radionuclide with a reasonable degree of ɖȇƬƺȸɎƏǣȇɎɵ ٢Ɏǝƺ ɖȇƬƺȸɎƏǣȇɎɵ ǣɀ ƏƫȒɖɎ ד ׎ ۏ ƏɎ Ɏǝƺ n(٣ِ xȒȸƺ ɀǣȅȵǼɵً n( א ۂ ɴ ³(ِ For the measurement results on chemical substances, the Quantification Limit is equivalent to the Detection Limit used to measure radioactivity. «ƺǔƺȸƺȇƬƺ ɀȵƺƬɎȸƏ For the NPPs, the reference spectra of discharges comprise the following radionuclides: ཛྷ liquid discharges: tritium, carbon-14, iodine-131, other fission and activation products (manganese-54, cobalt-58, cobalt-60, nickel-63, Ag-110m, tellurium-123m, antimony-124, antimony-125, caesium-134, caesium-137); ཛྷ gaseous discharges: tritium, carbon-14, iodines (iodine-131, iodine-133), other fission and activation products (cobalt-58, cobalt-60, caesium-134, caesium-137), noble gases: xenon-133 (permanent discharges from ventilation networks, when draining “RS” effluent storage tanks and at decompression of reactor buildings), xenon-135 (permanent discharges from ventilation networks and at decompression of reactor buildings), xenon-131m (when draining “RS” tanks), krypton-85 (when draining “RS” tanks), argon-41 (at decompression of reactor buildings). ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 155 03 ׎ ٲ ב REGULATION OF NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES AND EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION