Abstracts ASN Report 2019

Each year, in addition to sending ASN the monitoring results required by the regulations, the licensees transmit nearly ӄӅӃёӃӃӃׇŀĸĴņňŅĸŀĸŁŇņ Ňł ŇĻĸ ŁĴŇļłŁĴĿ ŁĸŇŊłŅľ ĹłŅ ĸŁʼnļŅłŁŀĸŁŇĴĿ radioactivity monitoring. ג ِ א ِ ג 0ȇɮǣȸȒȇȅƺȇɎƏǼ ȅȒȇǣɎȒȸǣȇǕ ȇƏɎǣȒȇɯǣƳƺ ƫɵ X«³z IRSN’s nationwide environmental monitoring is carried out by means of measurement and sampling networks dedicated to: Ҋ air monitoring (aerosols, rainwater, ambient gamma activity); Ҋ monitoring of surface water (watercourses) and groundwater (aquifers); Ҋ monitoring of the human food chain (milk, cereals, fish, etc.); Ҋ terrestrial continental monitoring (reference stations located far from all industrial facilities). This monitoring is based on: Ҋ continuous on-site monitoring using independent systems (remote-monitoring networks) providing real-time transmission of results. This includes: ҄ the Téléray network (ambient gamma radioactivity in the air) which uses a system of continuous measurement monitors around the whole country. The density of this network is ĵĸļŁĺ ļŁĶŅĸĴņĸķ ĴŅłňŁķ ŁňĶĿĸĴŅ ņļŇĸņ ŊļŇĻļŁ Ĵ ŅĴķļňņ łĹ ӄӃׇŇł ӆӃׇľļĿłŀĸŇŅĸņ ĴŅłňŁķ ņђ ҄ the Hydrotéléray network (monitoring of the main water- courses downstream of all nuclear facilities and before they cross national boundaries); Ҋ continuous sampling networks with laboratory measurement, for example the atmospheric aerosols radioactivity monitoring network; Ҋ processing and measurement in a laboratory of samples taken from the various compartments of the environment, whether or not close to facilities liable to discharge radionuclides. ʼnĸŅŌ ŌĸĴŅё ŇĴľĸņ ŀłŅĸ ŇĻĴŁ ӅӈёӃӃӃׇņĴŀŃĿĸņ ļŁ ĴĿĿ compartments of the environment (excluding the remote- measurement networks). Ļĸ ŅĴķļłĴĶŇļʼnļŇŌ ĿĸʼnĸĿņ ŀĸĴņňŅĸķ ļŁ ŅĴŁĶĸ ĴŅĸ ņŇĴĵĿĸ ĴŁķ ņļŇňĴŇĸķ at very low levels, generally at the detection sensitivity threshold of the measuring instruments. The artificial radioactivity detected in the environment results essentially from fallout from the ĴŇŀłņŃĻĸŅļĶ ŇĸņŇņ łĹ ŁňĶĿĸĴŅ ŊĸĴŃłŁņ ĶĴŅŅļĸķ łňŇ ļŁ ŇĻĸ ӄӌӉӃņё and from the Chernobyl accident. Traces of artificial radioactivity associated with discharges can sometimes be detected near installations. To this can be added very local contaminations resulting from incidents or past industrial activities, and which do not represent a health risk. On the basis of the nationwide radioactivity monitoring results published in the RNM and in accordance with the provisions łĹ ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ ӅӃӃӋі іӃӃӌӌׇłĹ Ӆӌׇ ŃŅļĿ ӅӃӃӋё Ĵņ ĴŀĸŁķĸķё IRSN regularly publishes a Detailed summary of the radioactive state of the French environment . The third edition of this report was ŃňĵĿļņĻĸķ ĴŇ ŇĻĸ ĸŁķ łĹ ӅӃӄӋׇĴŁķ ĶłʼnĸŅņ ŇĻĸ ŃĸŅļłķ ӅӃӄӈіӅӃӄӊє Ł addition to this report, IRSN also produces regional radiological findings to provide more precise information about a given area. ג ِ ב nƏƫȒȸƏɎȒȸǣƺɀ ƏȵȵȸȒɮƺƳ ƫɵ ³z ɎȒ ǕɖƏȸƏȇɎƺƺ ȅƺƏɀɖȸƺȅƺȇɎ ȷɖƏǼǣɎɵ ŅŇļĶĿĸņ єׇӄӆӆӆіӅӈׇĴŁķ єׇӄӆӆӆіӅӉׇłĹ ŇĻĸ ňĵĿļĶ ĸĴĿŇĻׇ łķĸ ŅĸńňļŅĸ ŇĻĸ ĶŅĸĴŇļłŁ łĹ Ĵ ŅĸŁĶĻ ĴŇļłŁĴĿ ĸŇŊłŅľ ĹłŅ Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring (RNM) and a procedure to have the radioactivity measurement laboratories approved by ASN. The RNM working methods are defined by the above- ŀĸŁŇļłŁĸķ ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ łĹ Ӆӌׇ ŃŅļĿ ӅӃӃӋׇĴŀĸŁķĸķє This network is being deployed for two main reasons: Ҋ to pursue the implementation of a quality assurance policy for environmental radioactivity measurements by setting up a system of laboratory approvals granted by ASN resolution; Ҋ to ensure transparency by making the results of this envir- onmental monitoring and information about the radiological ļŀŃĴĶŇ łĹ ŁňĶĿĸĴŅ ĴĶŇļʼnļŇļĸņ ļŁ ŅĴŁĶĸ ĴʼnĴļĿĴĵĿĸ Ňł ŇĻĸ ŃňĵĿļĶ on a specific RNM website (see point 4.2.1). The approvals cover all environmental matrices for which regulatory oversight is imposed on the licensees: water, soil or sediment, biological matrices (fauna, flora, milk), aerosols and atmospheric gases. The measurements concern the main artificial or natural gamma, beta or alpha emitting radionuclides, as well Ĵņ ŇĻĸ ĴŀĵļĸŁŇ ĺĴŀŀĴ ķłņļŀĸŇŅŌ Ҏņĸĸ ĴĵĿĸ ӌҏє Ļĸ ĿļņŇ łĹ ŇĻĸ types of measurements covered by an approval is set by the above- ŀĸŁŇļłŁĸķ ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ łĹ Ӆӌׇ ŃŅļĿ ӅӃӃӋׇĴŀĸŁķĸķє In total, an approval covers about fifty measurements, for which there are as many Inter-laboratory Comparison Tests (ILT). These tests are organised by IRSN in a 5-year cycle, which corresponds to the maximum approval validity period. In order to produce operating experience feedback from the interlaboratory comparison tests organised by IRSN, since they were set up in 2003, ASN and IRSN decided to organise a ĽłļŁŇ ņĸŀļŁĴŅ ļŁ ӅӃӅӃׇĵŅļŁĺļŁĺ ŇłĺĸŇĻĸŅ ĴĿĿ ŇĻĸ ĸŁʼnļŅłŁŀĸŁŇĴĿ monitoring stakeholders (laboratories of nuclear facility licensees, public institutions, universities, private, association or foreign players, etc.). ג ِ ב ِ׏ nƏƫȒȸƏɎȒȸɵ ƏȵȵȸȒɮƏǼ ȵȸȒƬƺƳɖȸƺ Ļĸ ĴĵłʼnĸіŀĸŁŇļłŁĸķ ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ ӅӃӃӋі іӃӃӌӌׇłĹ Ӆӌׇ ŃŅļĿׇӅӃӃӋё Ĵņ ĴŀĸŁķĸķё ņŃĸĶļĹļĸņ ŇĻĸ łŅĺĴŁļņĴŇļłŁ łĹ ŇĻĸ national network and sets the approval arrangements for the environmental radioactivity measurement laboratories. The approval procedure includes: Ҋ presentation of an application file by the laboratory concerned, after participation in an ILT; Ҋ review of it by ASN; Ҋ review of the application files –which are made anonymous– by a pluralistic approval commission which delivers an opinion on them. The laboratories are approved by ASN resolution, published in its Official Bulletin . The list of approved laboratories is updated every six months. 156 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 ׎ ٲ ב REGULATION OF NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES AND EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION