Abstracts ASN Report 2019

׏ِ׏ِ ב Áǝƺ ȸƺɀȵȒȇɀƺ ɎȒ ȒɎǝƺȸ ȸƏƳǣȒǼȒǕǣƬƏǼ ƺȅƺȸǕƺȇƬɵ ɀǣɎɖƏɎǣȒȇɀ Apart from incidents or accidents affecting nuclear installations or a radioactive substances transport operation, radiological emergency situations can also occur: Ҋ during performance of a nuclear activity, for medical, research or industrial purposes; Ҋ in the event of intentional or inadvertent dispersal of radioactive substances into the environment; Ҋ if radioactive sources are discovered in places where they are not supposed to be. In such cases, intervention is necessary to limit the risk of human exposure to ionising radiation. Together with the Ministries and the parties concerned, ASN drafted Circular DGSNR/DHOS/ łє ӅӃӃӈѼӄӆӌӃׇłĹ Ӆӆׇ ĸĶĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӃӈׇŅĸĿĴŇļʼnĸ Ňł ŇĻĸ principles of intervention in the case of an event that could lead to a radiological emergency, other than situations covered by a contingency plan or an emergency response plan. This Circular supplements the provisions of the Interministerial Directive of ӊׇ ŃŅļĿ ӅӃӃӈׇłŁ ŇĻĸ ĴĶŇļłŁ łĹ ŇĻĸ ŃňĵĿļĶ ĴňŇĻłŅļŇļĸņ ļŁ ŇĻĸ ĶĴņĸ łĹ an event leading to a radiological emergency situation presented ļŁ ŃłļŁŇ ӄєӆׇĴŁķ ķĸĹļŁĸņ ŇĻĸ ŀĸŇĻłķņ ĹłŅ ŇĻĸ łŅĺĴŁļņĴŇļłŁ łĹ ŇĻĸ State services in these radiological emergency situations. Given the large number of those who could possibly issue an alert and the corresponding alert channels, all the alerts are centralised in a single location, which then distributes them to all the stakeholders: this is the fire brigade’s centralised alert processing centre, the CODIS-CTA ( Département Operational ļŅĸ ĴŁķ ŀĸŅĺĸŁĶŌ ĸŁŇŅĸ ҂ ĿĸŅŇ ŅłĶĸņņļŁĺ ĸŁŇŅĸҏё ŇĻĴŇ ĶĴŁ ĵĸ ŅĸĴĶĻĸķ ĵŌ ĶĴĿĿļŁĺ ӄӋׇłŅ ӄӄӅє The management of accidents of malicious origin occurring outside BNIs are not covered by this Circular, but by the Government’s NRBC (Nuclear, Radiological, Biological and Chemical) Plan. ׏ِ׏ِ ! ג ȒȇɎȸȒǼǼǣȇǕ ɖȸƫƏȇ ƳƺɮƺǼȒȵȅƺȇɎ ƏȸȒɖȇƳ ȇɖƬǼƺƏȸ ɀǣɎƺɀ The aim of controlling urban development is to limit the consequences of an accident for the population and property. ļŁĶĸ ӄӌӋӊё ŇĻļņ ŇŌŃĸ łĹ ĴŃŃŅłĴĶĻ ĻĴņ ĵĸĸŁ ļŀŃĿĸŀĸŁŇĸķ ĴŅłňŁķ non-nuclear industrial facilities and it has been reinforced since ŇĻĸ " ŃĿĴŁŇ ĴĶĶļķĸŁŇ ŇĻĴŇ łĶĶňŅŅĸķ ļŁ łňĿłňņĸ ļŁ ӅӃӃӄє ĶŇׇӅӃӃӉіӉӋӉ łĹ ӄӆׇ ňŁĸ ӅӃӃӉׇĶłŁĶĸŅŁļŁĺ ŇŅĴŁņŃĴŅĸŁĶŌ ĴŁķ security on nuclear matters (TSN Act, now codified in Books I and V of the Environment Code), enables the public authorities to control urban development around BNIs, by implementing institutional controls limiting or prohibiting new constructions in the vicinity of these facilities. Given the specific nature of nuclear or radiological emergency management and of the corresponding risks, the steps taken for BNIs could be harsher than for Installations Classified for Protection of the Environment (ICPE) and lead to more stringent measures. The actions to control urban development entail a division of responsibilities between the licensee, the mayors and the State: Ҋ The licensee is responsible for its activities and the related risks. Ҋ The mayor is responsible for producing the town planning documents and issuing building permits. Ҋ The Prefect informs the mayors of the existing risks, verifies the legality of the steps taken by the local authorities and may impose institutional controls as necessary. ASN supplies technical data in order to characterise the risk, and offers the Prefect its assistance in the urban development control process. The current approach to controlling activities around nuclear facilities exclusively concerns those subject to a PPI and primarily aims to preserve the operational nature of the contingency plans, in particular for sheltering and evacuation, limiting the population numbers concerned whenever possible. It focuses on ŇĻĸ ѢŅĸĹĿĸŋѣ ōłŁĸё ķĸŇĸŅŀļŁĸķ ĵŌ ŇĻĸ ļŅĶňĿĴŅ łĹ ӄӃׇ ĴŅĶĻ ӅӃӃӃׇŅĸʼnļņļŁĺ ŇĻĸ ņ ĹłŅ ņё ŇĻĸ ŃĸŅŇļŁĸŁĶĸ łĹ ŊĻļĶĻ ŊĴņ ĶłŁĹļŅŀĸķ ĵŌ ŇĻĸ ļŁņŇŅňĶŇļłŁ łĹ ӆׇ ĶŇłĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӉє Ł ŇĻļņ ѢŅĸĹĿĸŋѣ ōłŁĸё ļŀŀĸķļĴŇĸ ņŇĸŃņ Ňł ŃŅłŇĸĶŇ ŇĻĸ ŃłŃňĿĴŇļłŁ ĴŅĸ ŇĴľĸŁ ļŁ ŇĻĸ event of a rapidly developing accident. A Circular from the Ministry responsible for the environment łĹ ӄӊׇ ĸĵŅňĴŅŌ ӅӃӄӃׇĶłŁĶĸŅŁļŁĺ ŇĻĸ ĶłŁŇŅłĿ łĹ ĴĶŇļʼnļŇļĸņ ļŁ ŇĻĸ vicinity of BNIs liable to present dangers off the site asked the Prefects to exercise increased vigilance with regard to urban development in the vicinity of nuclear facilities. This Circular states that the greatest possible attention must be paid to ŃŅłĽĸĶŇņ ŇĻĴŇ ĴŅĸ ņĸŁņļŇļʼnĸ łŊļŁĺ Ňł ŇĻĸļŅ ņļōĸё ŇĻĸļŅ ŃňŅŃłņĸё łŅ the difficulties they could entail in terms of protection of the ĺĸŁĸŅĴĿ ŃňĵĿļĶ ļŁ ŇĻĸ ѢŅĸĹĿĸŋѣ ōłŁĸє ASN is consulted on construction or urban development projects ņļŇňĴŇĸķ ŊļŇĻļŁ ŇĻļņ ōłŁĸє Ļĸ łŃļŁļłŁņ ļņņňĸķ ĴŅĸ ĵĴņĸķ łŁ ŇĻĸ ŃŅļŁĶļŃĿĸņ ĸŋŃĿĴļŁĸķ ļŁ ňļķĸ łє ӄӈׇłŁ ŇĻĸ ĶłŁŇŅłĿ łĹ activities around BNIs published in 2016. This Guide, drawn up by a pluralistic working group jointly overseen by ASN and the General Directorate for Risk Prevention (DGPR), comprising elected officials and the National Association of Local Information Commissions and Committees (Anccli), has the following basic objectives: Ҋ preserve the operational nature of the contingency plans; Ҋ ŃŅĸĹĸŅ ŅĸĺļłŁĴĿ ķĸʼnĸĿłŃŀĸŁŇ łňŇņļķĸ ŇĻĸ ѢŅĸĹĿĸŋѣ ōłŁĸђ Ҋ allow controlled development that meets the needs of the resident population. ׏ِ א Áǝƺ ƺȅƺȸǕƺȇƬɵ ɀǣɎɖƏɎǣȒȇ ɀɎƏǸƺǝȒǼƳƺȸɀ The response by the public authorities to a major nuclear or radiological accident is determined by a number of texts concerning nuclear safety, radiation protection, public order and civil protection, as well as by the emergency plans. ĶŇ ӅӃӃӇіӋӄӄׇłĹ ӄӆׇ ňĺňņŇ ӅӃӃӇׇłŁ ŇĻĸ łķĸŅŁļņĴŇļłŁ łĹ ļʼnļĿ Protection, makes provision for an updated inventory of risks, an overhaul of operational planning, performance of exercises involving the general public, information and training of the general public, an operational watching brief and alert procedures. Several Decrees implementing this Act, codified in Articles єׇӊӇӄіӄׇŇł єׇӊӇӄіӆӅׇłĹ ŇĻĸ łŀĸņŇļĶ ĸĶňŅļŇŌ łķĸё ŀłŅĸ specifically concerning the Orsec plans and PPIs, clarified it in 2005. How radiological emergency situations are dealt with is specified ļŁ ŇĻĸ ŁŇĸŅŀļŁļņŇĸŅļĴĿ ļŅĸĶŇļʼnĸ łĹ ӊׇ ŃŅļĿ ӅӃӃӈׇłŁ ŇĻĸ ĴĶŇļłŁ of the public authorities in the case of an event leading to a ŅĴķļłĿłĺļĶĴĿ ĸŀĸŅĺĸŁĶŌ ņļŇňĴŇļłŁ Ҏņĸĸ ļĴĺŅĴŀ ӄׇĴĵłʼnĸҏє Thus, at the national level, ASN is actively involved in inter- ministerial work on nuclear emergency management. Ļĸ ňľňņĻļŀĴ ĴĶĶļķĸŁŇ ņĻłŊĸķ ŇĻĴŇ ļŇ ŊĴņ ŁĸĶĸņņĴŅŌ Ňł improve preparation for the occurrence of an accident involving cumulative failures (natural disaster, accident affecting several facilities simultaneously). The response organisations thus put into place must be robust and capable of managing a large-scale emergency over a long period of time. Better advance planning must be carried out for work done under ionising radiation and, in order to provide effective support for the country affected, international relations must be improved. ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 167 ׎ ٲ ג « (X…n…JX! n 0x0«J0z!ç z( ¨…³Á !! ٳ X(0zÁ ³XÁÈ ÁX…z³ 04