Abstracts ASN Report 2019

׏ِ א ِ׏ nȒƬƏǼ ȸƺɀȵȒȇɀƺ ȒȸǕƏȇǣɀƏɎǣȒȇ In an emergency situation, several parties have the authority to take decisions: Ҋ The licensee of the affected nuclear facilities deploys the response organisation and the resources defined in its PUI (see point 1.1.1). Ҋ ASN has a duty to monitor the licensee’s actions in terms of nuclear safety and radiation protection. In an emergency situation, it calls on assessments by IRSN and can at any time ask the licensee to perform any assessments and take any actions it deems necessary. Ҋ The Prefect of the département in which the installation is located takes the necessary decisions to protect the population, the environment and the property threatened by the accident. Within the framework of the PPI, this comprises the Orsec plans or the Off-site Protection Plan (PPE) in the event of a malicious act. The Prefect is thus responsible for coordinating the resources –both public and private, human and material– deployed in the plan. He/she keeps the population and the mayors informed of events. ASN assists the Prefect with managing the situation. Ҋ Ļĸ ŅĸĹĸĶŇ łĹ ŇĻĸ ķĸĹĸŁĶĸ ĴŁķ ņĸĶňŅļŇŌ ōłŁĸ ļņ ŅĸņŃłŁņļĵĿĸ ĹłŅ coordinating reinforcements and the support needed by the Prefect of the département , for ensuring that the steps taken between départements are consistent and for coordinating regional communication with national communication. Ҋ Owing to his or her role in the local community, the mayor has an important part to play in anticipating and supporting the measures to protect the population. To this end, the mayor of a town included within the scope of application of an Off- site Emergency Plan (PPI) must draw up and implement a local safeguard plan to provide for, organise and structure the measures to accompany the Prefect’s decisions. The mayor also plays a role in relaying the information and heightening population awareness, more particularly during iodine tablet distribution campaigns. ׏ِ א ِ א zƏɎǣȒȇƏǼ ȸƺɀȵȒȇɀƺ ȒȸǕƏȇǣɀƏɎǣȒȇ In a radiological emergency situation, each Ministry –together with the decentralised State services– is responsible for preparing for and executing national level measures within its field of competence. In the event of a major crisis requiring the coordination of numerous players, a governmental crisis organisation is set up, under the supervision of the Prime Minister, with the activation of the Interministerial Crisis Committee (CIC). The purpose of this Committee is to centralise and analyse information in order to prepare the strategic decisions and coordinate their implementation at interministerial level. It comprises: Ҋ all the Ministries concerned; Ҋ the competent safety Authority and its technical support organisation (IRSN); Ҋ representatives of the licensee; Ҋ administrations or public institutions providing assistance, such as Météo-France (national weather service). ׏ِ ב ¨ȸȒɎƺƬɎǣȇǕ Ɏǝƺ ȵȒȵɖǼƏɎǣȒȇ The steps to protect the populations during the emergency phase, as well as the initial actions as part of the post-accident phase, aim to protect the population from exposure to ionising radiation and to any chemical and toxic substances that may be present in the releases. These measures are mentioned in the PPIs. ׏ِ ב ِ׏ JƺȇƺȸƏǼ ȵȸȒɎƺƬɎǣɮƺ ƏƬɎǣȒȇɀ In the event of a major nuclear or radiological accident, a number of measures can be envisaged by the Prefect in order to protect the population: Ҋ Sheltering and awaiting instructions: the individuals concerned, alerted by a siren, take shelter at home or in a building, with all openings closed, and wait for instructions from the Prefect broadcast by the media. Ҋ Administration of stable iodine tablets: when ordered by the Prefect, the individuals liable to be exposed to releases of radioactive iodine are urged to take the prescribed dose of iodine tablets. Ҋ Evacuation: in the event of a risk of large-scale radioactive releases, the Prefect may order evacuation. The populations concerned are asked to prepare a bag of essential personal effects, secure and leave their homes and go to the nearest assembly point. Administering stable iodine tablets is a means of saturating the thyroid gland and protecting against the carcinogenic effects of radioactive iodines. Ļĸ ļŅĶňĿĴŅ łĹ Ӆӊׇ ĴŌ ӅӃӃӌׇķĸĹļŁĸņ ŇĻĸ ŃŅļŁĶļŃĿĸņ ĺłʼnĸŅŁļŁĺ the respective responsibilities of a BNI licensee and of the State with regard to the distribution of iodine tablets. This Circular requires that as the party responsible for the safety of its facilities, the licensee finances the public information campaigns within the perimeter of the PPI and carries out permanent preventive distribution of the stable iodine tablets, free of charge, through the network of pharmacies. The national campaign of iodine tablets distribution to the ŃłŃňĿĴŇļłŁņ ŊļŇĻļŁ ŇĻĸ ōłŁĸ ĶłʼnĸŅĸķ ĵŌ ŇĻĸ ņ ĵĸŇŊĸĸŁ ӄӃׇĴŁķ ӅӃׇľŀ ĴŅłňŁķ ŇĻĸ ņё ŊĴņ ĿĴňŁĶĻĸķ ļŁ ĸŃŇĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӌׇҎņĸĸ Notable Events at the beginning of the report). ňŇņļķĸ ŇĻĸ ōłŁĸ ĶłʼnĸŅĸķ ĵŌ Ĵ ё ŇĴĵĿĸŇņ ĴŅĸ ņŇłĶľŃļĿĸķ Ňł cover the rest of the country. In this respect, the Ministries for Health and for the Interior decided to create stocks of iodine tablets, positioned and managed by Santé Publique France (more particularly including the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Organisation - Eprus). Each Prefect organises the procedures for distribution to the population in their département , relying in particular on the mayors for this. Ļļņ ĴŅŅĴŁĺĸŀĸŁŇ ļņ ķĸņĶŅļĵĸķ ļŁ Ĵ ļŅĶňĿĴŅ łĹ ӄӄׇ ňĿŌ ӅӃӄӄ concerning the storage and distribution of potassium iodide ŇĴĵĿĸŇņ łňŇņļķĸ ŇĻĸ ōłŁĸņ ĶłʼnĸŅĸķ ĵŌ Ĵ є ňŅņňĴŁŇ Ňł ŇĻļņ Circular, the Prefects have drawn up plans to distribute stable iodine tablets in a radiological emergency situation, which can be included in exercises being held for the local implementation of the PNRANRM. The Prefect may also take measures to ban the consumption of foodstuffs liable to have been contaminated by radioactive substances as of the emergency phase (before the facility has been restored to a controlled and stable state). In the event of the release of radioactive substances into the environment, measures are decided on to prepare for management of the post-accident phase. They are based on the definition of ĴŅĸĴ ōłŁļŁĺ Ňł ĵĸ ļŀŃĿĸŀĸŁŇĸķ Ĵņ łĹ ŇĻĸ ĸŁķ łĹ ŇĻĸ ŅĸĿĸĴņĸņ łŁ exiting the emergency phase and including: Ҋ Ł ĸʼnĴĶňĴŇļłŁ ōłŁĸё ķĸĹļŁĸķ ĴĶĶłŅķļŁĺ Ňł ŇĻĸ ĴŀĵļĸŁŇ radioactivity (external exposure) within which the residents must be evacuated for a variable period of time. Ҋ ōłŁĸё ļŁĶĿňķļŁĺ ŇĻĸ ĹļŅņŇ ōłŁĸё ŊļŇĻļŁ ŊĻļĶĻ ĴĶŇļłŁ ļņ ŅĸńňļŅĸķ to reduce both the exposure of the populations to ambient radioactivity and the consumption of contaminated food, to a level that is as low as reasonably achievable (for example a ban 168 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 ׎ ٲ ג « (X…n…JX! n 0x0«J0z!ç z( ¨…³Á !! ٳ X(0zÁ ³XÁÈ ÁX…z³