Abstracts ASN Report 2019

҄ supplement the waste and effluent management plans of nuclear medicine departments and research laboratories that use unsealed radioactive sources mentioned in Article єׇӄӆӆӆіӄӉׇłĹ ŇĻļņ łķĸє Their implementation will allow a better estimate of the impact of the discharges by considering: ҄ the radioactive sources held and used by the nuclear medicine departments or research laboratories; ҄ the conditions of management and disposal of these effluents in the facilities in which these activities are exercised; ҄ the theoretical modes of exposure of the professionals involved in maintenance work on the sewage network structures and in the operation of urban wastewater treatment plants. All this information can be usefully transmitted by the facility to the authority examining the discharge authorisation. The impact can be estimated where necessary as an initial ĴŃŃŅłĴĶĻ ĵĴņĸķ łŁ ŇĻĸ Ҏ ŅĸŁĶĻ ĴĶŅłŁŌŀ ņŇĴŁķļŁĺ ĹłŅ “Calculation of the radioactive discharges into the networks”) digital method and tool developed by IRSN and also accessible on its website. When this report is published, ASN asks the nuclear medicine departments and research laboratories to update their waste and effluents management plan in accordance with the recommendations of the working group. It points out that the management plan must include the procedures for monitoring ŇĻĸ ķļņĶĻĴŅĺĸ ĸĹĹĿňĸŁŇņ ļŁ ĴĶĶłŅķĴŁĶĸ ŊļŇĻ ŅŇļĶĿĸ єׇӄӆӆӆіӄӉׇłĹ ŇĻĸ ňĵĿļĶ ĸĴĿŇĻ łķĸ ĴŁķ ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ ӅӃӃӋі іӃӃӌӈׇłĹ Ӆӌׇ ĴŁňĴŅŌ ӅӃӃӋє Ļĸ ĴĹłŅĸŀĸŁŇļłŁĸķ ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ ĴŁķ ĸĶĻŁļĶĴĿ ňļķĸ łє ӄӋׇłĹ ӅӉׇ ĴŁňĴŅŌ ӅӃӄӅׇŊļĿĿ ĵĸ ņňĵĽĸĶŇ Ňł updating. ג ِ׏ِ׏ ڙ In vivo ƳǣƏǕȇȒɀǣɀ This technique consists in examining an organ or a function of the organism with a specific radioactive substance –called a RadioPharmaceutical Drug (RPD)– administered to a patient. The nature of the radiopharmaceutical depends on the studied organ or function. The radionuclide can be used directly or fixed to a carrier (molecule, hormone, antibody, etc.). Table 3, for example, presents some of the main radionuclides used in various investigations. The administered radioactive substance –often technetium- ӌӌŀ҂ ļņ ĿłĶĴĿļņĸķ ļŁ ŇĻĸ łŅĺĴŁļņŀ ňņļŁĺ Ĵ ņŃĸĶļĹļĶ ķĸŇĸĶŇłŅ ĴŁķ scintigraphy techniques. This detector, called a scintillation camera or gamma camera, consists of a crystal of sodium iodide (in the majority of cameras) coupled to a computerised acquisition and analysis system. This equipment produces images of the functioning of the explored tissues or organs. The physiological or physiopathological processes can be quantified. The majority of gamma cameras allow tomographic acquisitions, cross-sectional imaging and a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organs (Single-Photon Emission Tomography –SPECT). ĿňłŅļŁĸіӄӋё Ĵ ŃłņļŇŅłŁіĸŀļŇŇļŁĺ ŅĴķļłŁňĶĿļķĸё ļņ ĶłŀŀłŁĿŌ ňņĸķ ŇłķĴŌё ĹŅĸńňĸŁŇĿŌ ļŁ ŇĻĸ ĹłŅŀ łĹ Ĵ ŀĴŅľĸķ ņňĺĴŅё ĿňłŅłі ĸłŋŌ ĿňĶłņĸ Ҏ ҏё ŃĴŅŇļĶňĿĴŅĿŌ ļŁ łŁĶłĿłĺŌє Ňņ ňŇļĿļņĴŇļłŁ necessitates the use of a special camera (Positron Emission Tomography –PET camera). The principle of operation of PET cameras is the detection of the coincidence of the two photons emitted when the positron is annihilated in the matter near its point of emission. Other RPDs marked with other positron ĸŀļŇŇĸŅņё ŁłŇĴĵĿŌ ĺĴĿĿļňŀіӉӋё ĴŅĸ ņŇĴŅŇļŁĺ Ňł ĵĸ ňņĸķє ĶĴŀĸŅĴņ ĸńňļŃŃĸķ ŊļŇĻ ŇĻĸ ļŀĸ Ĺ ĿļĺĻŇ Ҏ ҏ ņŌņŇĸŀ ĴĿĿłŊ Ĵ ĿłŊĸŅ activity RPD to be injected while still obtaining satisfactory image quality. Nuclear medicine enables functional images to be produced. It is therefore complementary to the purely morphological images obtained using the other imaging techniques. In order to make it easier to merge functional and morphological images, hybrid appliances have been developed: Positron-Emitting Tomography (PET) scanners are now systematically coupled with a CT scanner (PET-CT) and gamma-cameras can also be equipped with a CT scanner (SPECT-CT). GRAPH 9 Breakdown, by ASN regional division, of the nuclear medicine facilities licensed by ASN, the number of hospitalisation rooms dedicated to internal targeted radiotherapy and the number of inspections performed in these facilities by ASN in 2019 Strasbourg Division Paris Division Orléans Division Nantes Division Marseille Division Lyon Division Lille Division Dijon Division Châlons-en- Champagne Division Caen Division Bordeaux Division 0 10 20 30 40 50 Facilities ITR rooms Inspections performed ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 213 ׎ ٲ ו MEDICAL USES OF IONISING RADIATION 07