Abstracts ASN Report 2019

Given the activation of the material analysed, this requires particular vigilance with regard to the nature of the objects ĴŁĴĿŌņĸķє ŅŇļĶĿĸņ єׇӄӆӆӆіӅׇĴŁķ єׇӄӆӆӆіӆׇłĹ ŇĻĸ ňĵĿļĶ ĸĴĿŇĻ Code prohibit the use of materials and waste originating from a nuclear activity for the manufacture of consumer goods and construction products if they are, or could be, contaminated by radionuclides, Including by activation (see point 2.2.1). ׏ِ׏ِ …ב Ɏǝƺȸ ƬȒȅȅȒȇ ƏȵȵǼǣƬƏɎǣȒȇɀ Sealed radioactive sources can also be used for: Ҋ ļŁķňņŇŅļĴĿ ļŅŅĴķļĴŇļłŁё ŃĴŅŇļĶňĿĴŅĿŌ ĹłŅ ņŇĸŅļĿļōĴŇļłŁ Ҏņĸĸ ŃłļŁŇ ӆєӅєӄҏђ Ҋ gamma radiography which is a non-destructive inspection method (see point 3.3.1); Ҋ eliminating static electricity; Ҋ calibrating radioactivity measurement devices (radiation metrology); Ҋ practical teaching work concerning radioactivity phenomena; Ҋ detection by electron capture. This technique uses sources of ŁļĶľĸĿіӉӆׇļŁ ĺĴņĸłňņ ŃĻĴņĸ ĶĻŅłŀĴŇłĺŅĴŃĻņ ĴŁķ ĶĴŁ ĵĸ ňņĸķ to detect and dose various chemical elements; Ҋ ion mobility spectrometry used in devices that are often ŃłŅŇĴĵĿĸ ĴŁķ ňņĸķ Ňł ķĸŇĸĶŇ ĸŋŃĿłņļʼnĸņё ķŅňĺņ łŅ ŇłŋļĶ ŃŅłķňĶŇņђ Ҋ detection by X-ray fluorescence. This technique is used in particular for detecting lead in paint. The portable devices used ŇłķĴŌ ĶłŁŇĴļŁ ņłňŅĶĸņ łĹ ĶĴķŀļňŀіӄӃӌׇҎĻĴĿĹіĿļĹĸ ӇӉӇׇķĴŌņҏ łŅ ĶłĵĴĿŇіӈӊׇҎĻĴĿĹіĿļĹĸ łĹ ӅӊӃׇķĴŌņҏє Ļĸ ĴĶŇļʼnļŇŌ łĹ ŇĻĸņĸ ņłňŅĶĸņ ĶĴŁ ŅĴŁĺĸ ĹŅłŀ ӇӃӃׇ ń Ňł ӄёӈӃӃׇ ńє Ļļņ ŇĸĶĻŁļńňĸё ŊĻļĶĻ uses a large number of radioactive sources nationwide (nearly ӇёӃӃӃׇņłňŅĶĸņҏё ļņ ŇĻĸ ŅĸņňĿŇ łĹ Ĵ ĿĸĺļņĿĴŇļʼnĸ ņŌņŇĸŀ ķĸņļĺŁĸķ Ňł prevent lead poisoning in children by requiring a check on the lead concentration in paints used in residential buildings ĶłŁņŇŅňĶŇĸķ ĵĸĹłŅĸ ӄׇ ĴŁňĴŅŌ ӄӌӇӌׇļŁ ĶĴņĸ łĹ ņĴĿĸё Ĵ ŁĸŊ ŅĸŁŇĴĿ contract, or work significantly affecting the coatings in the common parts of the building. Graphs 1A and 1B show the number of facilities using sealed radioactive sources for the identified applications under the licensing and notification systems respectively. They illustrate the diversity of these applications and their development over the last five years. It should be noted that: Ҋ a given facility may carry out several activities, and if it does, it appears in Graph 1A and the following diagrams for each activity; Ҋ the breakdown between the licensing system and the notification system (sealed sources and electrical devices emitting ionising radiation) for a given end-use is not yet stabilised, because the changes of administrative system concerning the nuclear activities newly subject to notification ņļŁĶĸ ӄׇ ĴŁňĴŅŌ ӅӃӄӌё ŊļĿĿ ĸŋŇĸŁķ ŇĻŅłňĺĻ Ňł ӆӄׇ ĸĶĸŀĵĸŅׇӅӃӅӆ (see point 2.4.2). ׏ِ א Èɀƺɀ Ȓǔ ɖȇɀƺƏǼƺƳ ȸƏƳǣȒƏƬɎǣɮƺ ɀȒɖȸƬƺɀ The main radionuclides used in the form of unsealed sources in ŁłŁіŀĸķļĶĴĿ ĴŃŃĿļĶĴŇļłŁņ ĴŅĸ ŃĻłņŃĻłŅňņіӆӅׇłŅ ӆӆё ĶĴŅĵłŁіӄӇё ņňĿŃĻňŅіӆӈё ĶĻŅłŀļňŀіӈӄё ļłķļŁĸіӄӅӈׇĴŁķ ŇŅļŇļňŀє ĻĸŌ ĴŅĸ used in particular in research and in the pharmaceutical sector. They constitute a powerful investigative tool in cellular and molecular biology. Using radioactive tracers incorporated into molecules is common practice in biological research. There are also a number of industrial uses, for example as tracers or for calibration or teaching purposes. Unsealed sources are used as tracers for measuring wear, detecting leaks or friction spots, building hydrodynamic models and in hydrology. ņ ĴŇ ӆӄׇ ĸĶĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӌё ŇĻĸ ŁňŀĵĸŅ łĹ ĹĴĶļĿļŇļĸņ ĴňŇĻłŅļņĸķ Ňł use unsealed sources stood at 723. ŅĴŃĻ ӅׇņŃĸĶļĹļĸņ ŇĻĸ ŁňŀĵĸŅ łĹ ĹĴĶļĿļŇļĸņ ĴňŇĻłŅļņĸķ Ňł ňņĸ unsealed radioactive sources in the applications inventoried in the last five years. 232 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 ׎ ٲ ז SOURCES OF IONISING RADIATION AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL, VETERINARY AND RESEARCH APPLICATIONS GRAPH 2 Use of unsealed radioactive sources 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Number of facilities licensed Research Use of tracers Calibration Teaching