Abstracts ASN Report 2019

א ِ ג nǣƬƺȇɀǣȇǕ ƏȇƳ ȇȒɎǣǔǣƬƏɎǣȒȇ Ȓǔ ǣȒȇǣɀǣȇǕ ȸƏƳǣƏɎǣȒȇ ɀȒɖȸƬƺɀ ɖɀƺƳ ǔȒȸ ǣȇƳɖɀɎȸǣƏǼً ȸƺɀƺƏȸƬǝ Ȓȸ ɮƺɎƺȸǣȇƏȸɵ ȵɖȸȵȒɀƺɀ א ِ ג ِ׏ XȇɎƺǕȸƏɎǣȒȇ Ȓǔ Ɏǝƺ ȵȸǣȇƬǣȵǼƺɀ Ȓǔ ȸƏƳǣƏɎǣȒȇ ȵȸȒɎƺƬɎǣȒȇ ǣȇ Ɏǝƺ ȸƺǕɖǼƏɎǣȒȇ Ȓǔ ȇȒȇ ٮ ȅƺƳǣƬƏǼ ƏƬɎǣɮǣɎǣƺɀ With regard to radiation protection, ASN verifies application of the three major principles governing radiation protection which ĴŅĸ ŊŅļŇŇĸŁ ļŁŇł ŇĻĸ ňĵĿļĶ ĸĴĿŇĻ łķĸ Ҏ ŅŇļĶĿĸ єׇӄӆӆӆіӅҏё ŁĴŀĸĿŌ justification, optimisation of exposure and dose limitation. Assessment of the expected benefit of a nuclear activity and the corresponding health drawbacks may lead to prohibition of an activity for which the benefit does not seem to outweigh the risk. Either generic prohibition is declared, or the license required for radiation protection purposes is not issued or is not ĸŋŇĸŁķĸķє łŅ ŇĻĸ ĸŋļņŇļŁĺ ĴĶŇļʼnļŇļĸņё ŇĻĸ ĸĿĸŀĸŁŇņ ņňŃŃłŅŇļŁĺ implementation of the justification principle are recorded in writing by the person responsible for the nuclear activity, and are updated every five years and whenever there is a significant change in available knowledge or techniques. Optimisation is a notion that must be considered in the technical and economic context, and it requires a high level of involvement of the professionals. ASN considers in particular that the suppliers of devices are at the core of the optimisation ĴŃŃŅłĴĶĻ Ҏņĸĸ ŃłļŁŇׇӇҏє ĻĸŌ ĴŅĸ ŅĸņŃłŁņļĵĿĸ ĹłŅ ŃňŇŇļŁĺ ŇĻĸ devices on the market and must therefore design them such that the exposure of the future users is minimised. ASN also checks application of the principle of optimisation when examining the license applications, when conducting its inspections, and when analysing reported significant events. א ِ ג ِ א ȵȵǼǣƬƏƫǼƺ ǼǣƬƺȇɀǣȇǕ ƏȇƳ ȇȒɎǣǔǣƬƏɎǣȒȇ ɀɵɀɎƺȅɀ Applications relating to the possession and utilisation of ionising radiation are examined by the ASN regional divisions, while those concerning the manufacture and distribution of sources or devices containing sources are examined at the ASN head office by the Department of Transport and Sources (DTS). The ĸŁŇŅŌ ļŁŇł ĸĹĹĸĶŇ łŁ ӄׇ ňĿŌ ӅӃӄӋׇłĹ ĸĶŅĸĸ ӅӃӄӋіӇӆӇׇłĹ Ӈׇ ňŁĸ ӅӃӄӋё introducing various provisions in the nuclear field, introduces a third administrative system lying between the notification system and the licensing system: this is a simplified authorisation system called the “registration system”. ASN has prepared a nomenclature to allocate the various categories of nuclear activities to one of these three systems, ŊĻłņĸ ļŀŃĿĸŀĸŁŇĴŇļłŁ ĵĸĺļŁņ łŁ ӄׇ ĴŁňĴŅŌׇӅӃӄӌ ŊļŇĻ ŇĻĸ ĸŁŇŅŌ into effect of the ASN resolution extending the notification system to new nuclear activities which until now were subject to licensing (see the “notification system” heading below). The draft resolution relative to the nuclear activities coming ňŁķĸŅ ŇĻĸ ĹňŇňŅĸ ŅĸĺļņŇŅĴŇļłŁ ņŌņŇĸŀ ŊĴņ ĴĿņł ŃŅĸŃĴŅĸķ ļŁ ӅӃӄӌє This system will concern certain sources of ionising radiation, coming as sealed or unsealed radioactive sources and electrical devices emitting X-rays for which the risks and adverse effects resulting from their possession or use can be prevented through compliance with the specific general requirements set out in the draft resolution. This draft resolution defines, in addition to the abovementioned requirements, the content of the simplified licensing application (the information and supporting documents to provide are greatly reduced in comparison with the standard licensing application) and the conditions licensees must comply with when exercising the nuclear activity. The outline for this draft resolution underwent public consultation in August and ĸŃŇĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӌє Ļĸ ŅĸņŃłŁņĸņ ĴĿĿłŊĸķ ŇĻĸ ĶłŁņłĿļķĴŇļłŁ łĹ ŇĻĸ draft resolution which should be made available for consultation during the 1st quarter of 2020. 240 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 ׎ ٲ ז SOURCES OF IONISING RADIATION AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL, VETERINARY AND RESEARCH APPLICATIONS XȇɎƺȸȇƏɎǣȒȇƏǼ ɎǝǣȇǸ ɎƏȇǸ Ȓȇ ƏǼɎƺȸȇƏɎǣɮƺ ɎƺƬǝȇȒǼȒǕǣƺɀ Radioactive sources present radiation exposure ƏȇƳ ژ ɀƏǔƺɎɵ ȸǣɀǸɀ ǔȒȸ Ɏǝƺǣȸ ɖɀƺȸɀً Ɏǝƺ ǕƺȇƺȸƏǼ ȵɖƫǼǣƬ and the environment, which must be taken into consideration in the reflection phase preceding Ɏǝƺ ژ ƳƺȵǼȒɵȅƺȇɎ Ȓǔ Ə ȇɖƬǼƺƏȸ ƏƬɎǣɮǣɎɵِ !ȒȇɀƺȷɖƺȇɎǼɵً in France, when technologies presenting lower risks than a nuclear activity are available under technically and economically acceptable conditions, they must be implemented instead of the nuclear activity initially envisaged: this is the principle of justification. …ȇ Ɏǝǣɀ ƫƏɀǣɀً Əɀ Ȓǔ א ׎׏ ژג ƏȇƳ ɀɖƫɀƺȷɖƺȇɎǼɵ ƏɎ Ɏǝƺ zɖƬǼƺƏȸ Security Summit in Washington in April 2016, France was the initiator of an international initiative now supported ƫɵ ב ׏ ژ ƬȒɖȇɎȸǣƺɀ ƏȇƳ ƫɵ XȇɎƺȸȵȒǼِ Áǝƺ Əǣȅ ǣɀ ɎȒ ɀɖȵȵȒȸɎ research into and the development of technologies that do not use high-activity sealed radioactive sources and to promote the use of these technologies. Xȇ Ɏǝǣɀ ƬȒȇɎƺɴɎً ɀǣȇƬƺ ȵȸǣǼ א ׎׏ ژד ³z ǝƏɀً ƏǼȒȇǕ ɯǣɎǝ Ɏǝƺ ژ zƏɎǣȒȇƏǼ zɖƬǼƺƏȸ ³ƺƬɖȸǣɎɵ ƳȅǣȇǣɀɎȸƏɎǣȒȇ ٢ÈȇǣɎƺƳ ژ ³ɎƏɎƺɀ٣ً ǣȇǣɎǣƏɎƺƳ Əȇ ǣȇǔȒȸȅƏǼ ɎǝǣȇǸ ɎƏȇǸ ǣȇɮȒǼɮǣȇǕ ɀƺɮƺȸƏǼ ƬȒɖȇɎȸǣƺɀ ɯȒȸǸǣȇǕ Ȓȇ Ɏǝƺ ɀɖƫǴƺƬɎ Ȓǔ ژ ȸƺȵǼƏƬǣȇǕ high-activity radioactive sources by alternative technologies. The aim of this group, which meets once a ɵƺƏȸً ǣɀ ɎȒ ǔȒɀɎƺȸ ǕȸƺƏɎƺȸ ƏɯƏȸƺȇƺɀɀ Ȓǔ Ɏǝƺ ƫƺȇƺǔǣɎɀ Ȓǔ ژ ɀɖƬǝ alternatives and to share experience feedback from each ƬȒɖȇɎȸɵ ǣȇ Ɏǝǣɀ ȸƺɀȵƺƬɎِ ³z ǝƏɀ ƬȒȇɎȸǣƫɖɎƺƳ ɎȒ ژ Ɏǝƺɀƺ ȅƺƺɎǣȇǕɀ ƫɵ ȵȸƺɀƺȇɎǣȇǕ Ɏǝƺ ȒȵƺȸƏɎǣȒȇɀ ƬƏȸȸǣƺƳ ژ ȒɖɎ ƫɵ the French blood transfusion agency, in application of the principle of justification, to replace those of ǣɎɀ ژ ǣȸȸƏƳǣƏɎȒȸɀ ɎǝƏɎ ɖɀƺ ȸƏƳǣȒƏƬɎǣɮƺ ɀȒɖȸƬƺɀ ƫɵ ƺǼƺƬɎȸǣƬƏǼ irradiators that emit X-rays. ASN also invited the French Confederation for Non-Destructive Tests to present Ɏǝƺ ژ ȵȸȒǕȸƺɀɀ Ȓǔ ǣɎɀ ɯȒȸǸ ǣȇ ȸƺȵǼƏƬǣȇǕ ǕƏȅȅƏ ȸƏƳǣȒǕȸƏȵǝɵ by other non-destructive testing technologies. In December 2018, during the International Conference Ȓȇ zɖƬǼƺƏȸ ³ƺƬɖȸǣɎɵ ȒȸǕƏȇǣɀƺƳ ƫɵ ژ Ɏǝƺ ژ XȇɎƺȸȇƏɎǣȒȇƏǼ ɎȒȅǣƬ 0ȇƺȸǕɵ ǕƺȇƬɵ ٢X 0 ٣ً Ɏǝƺ ژ ɀɖƫǴƺƬɎ Ȓǔ ژ ƏǼɎƺȸȇƏɎǣɮƺ ɎƺƬǝȇȒǼȒǕǣƺɀ ɯƏɀ ƏƳƳȸƺɀɀƺƳ ƫɵ several presentations and two panel sessions, and Ɏǝƺ ژ ȸƺǼƺɮƏȇƬƺ Ȓǔ Ɏǝǣɀ ɎǝǣȇǸ ɎƏȇǸ ɯƏɀ ɖȇƳƺȸǼǣȇƺƳِ The meetings of the think tank continued in 2019. …Ɏǝƺȸ ژ ǔȒȸƺǣǕȇ ǼǣƬƺȇɀƺƺɀ ɀǝƏȸƺƳ Ɏǝƺǣȸ ƺɴȵƺȸǣƺȇƬƺً particularly in the use of electrical irradiators emitting X-rays for research activities. These regular meetings provide the opportunity to highlight both successful initiatives in the implementation of alternative technologies and difficulties in the development or implementation of these technologies which must be the subject of further ƬȒȇɀǣƳƺȸƏɎǣȒȇ ƏȇƳ ƬȒȅȵǼƺȅƺȇɎƏȸɵ ɯȒȸǸِ ژ