Abstracts ASN Report 2019

• Áǝƺ ǼǣƬƺȇɀǣȇǕ ɀɵɀɎƺȅ Small-scale nuclear activities stand out by their considerable diversity and the large number of licensees involved. The licensing system is designed to regulate the nuclear activities involving the greatest radiation protection implications, for which ASN checks, when reviewing the license application, that the applicant has identified the risks and that the easures intended to limit their effects have been studied and planned for. To support this licensing process, ASN has produced licensing application forms adapted to each activity which are available on asn.fr . These forms are designed for the licensing applications to be formulated by the representative of a legal person, although it is possible for a physical person to apply for a license. These forms list the documents that must be enclosed with the application. All the other documents listed in the appendix to ASN resolution ӅӃӄӃі іӃӄӌӅׇłĹ ӅӅׇ ňĿŌ ӅӃӄӃׇŀňņŇ ĵĸ ĻĸĿķ ĵŌ ŇĻĸ ĴŃŃĿļĶĴŁŇ ĴŁķ kept at the disposal of the inspectors in the event of inspection. On completion of the examination, and provided that the measures described by the applicant are satisfactory, a limited- ŇĸŅŀ ҎňņňĴĿĿŌ ӈׇŌĸĴŅņҏ ĿļĶĸŁņĸ ļņ ļņņňĸķ ĹłŅ ŇĻĸ ĸŋĸŅĶļņĸ łĹ ŇĻĸ nuclear activity. • Áǝƺ ȇȒɎǣǔǣƬƏɎǣȒȇ ɀɵɀɎƺȅ As part of the allocation of the nuclear activity classification into the three administrative systems introduced by the abovementioned Decree, ASN wanted to implement a more graded approach, proportionate to the risks. Its initial work focused on the notification system. Notification is a simple procedure which does not require the submission of any supporting documents. It is particularly suited to the nuclear activities that present the lowest risks for people and ŇĻĸ ĸŁʼnļŅłŁŀĸŁŇє ļŁĶĸ ŃŅļĿ ӅӃӄӋё ŇĻłņĸ ŅĸņŃłŁņļĵĿĸ ĹłŅ Ĵ ŁňĶĿĸĴŅ activity in the industrial, research or veterinary sectors that comes under the notification system, can carry out the notification procedure via the ASN “on-line services” portal. ĻŅłňĺĻ ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ ӅӃӄӋі іӃӉӇӌׇłĹ ӄӋׇ ĶŇłĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӋ ĴŃŃŅłʼnĸķ łŁ Ӆӄׇ łʼnĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӋׇҎņĸĸ ŇĻĸ Ѣ ĸĺňĿĴŇłŅŌ ŁĸŊņѣ sheet in the introduction to this report), ASN has extended the list of activities subject to notification. The notification ņŌņŇĸŀ ĸŋŇĸŁņļłŁ ņĻłňĿķ ĶłŁĶĸŅŁ ĴĵłňŇ ӉёӃӃӃׇĶłŀŃĴŁļĸņ łŅ individuals which were previously subject to the licensing system. However, it will not be possible to accurately quantify the number of companies or individuals until a five-year term ļņ ŅĸĴĶĻĸķ Ҏӆӄׇ ĸĶĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӅӆҏє Ļļņ ļņ ĵĸĶĴňņĸё ļŁ ĴĶĶłŅķĴŁĶĸ with the principle of grandfathering, the licenses issued before ӄׇ ĴŁňĴŅŌ ӅӃӄӌׇĴĶŇ Ĵņ ŁłŇļĹļĶĴŇļłŁ ĴĶľŁłŊĿĸķĺĸŀĸŁŇņ ňŁŇļĿ ŇĻĸ license reaches term, on condition that in the interim there is no change in the nuclear activity. This means that a number of nuclear activities, though now subject to notification, are still covered regulated by a license. א ِ ג ِ ב ³ɎƏɎǣɀɎǣƬɀ ǔȒȸ א ׎׏ ژژח • ³ɖȵȵǼǣƺȸɀ In view of the fundamental role played by the suppliers of radioactive sources or devices containing them in the radiation protection of future users (see point 2.4.1), ASN exercises ŇļĺĻŇĸŁĸķ łʼnĸŅņļĺĻŇ ļŁ ŇĻļņ ĹļĸĿķє ňŅļŁĺ ӅӃӄӌё ӊӅׇŅĴķļłĴĶŇļʼnĸ source supply license applications or license renewal applications ŊĸŅĸ ĸŋĴŀļŁĸķ ĵŌ ё ĴŁķ ӇӄׇļŁņŃĸĶŇļłŁņ ŊĸŅĸ ĶĴŅŅļĸķ łňŇ ҎĴĿĿ ionising radiation sources combined). • Users Case of radioactive sources Ł ӅӃӄӌё ĸŋĴŀļŁĸķ ĴŃŃĿļĶĴŇļłŁņ ĴŁķ ļņņňĸķ ӄӋׇŁĸŊ ĿļĶĸŁņĸņё ӇӉӅׇĿļĶĸŁņĸ ŅĸŁĸŊĴĿņ łŅ ňŃķĴŇĸņ ĴŁķ ӄӃӃׇĿļĶĸŁņĸ ĶĴŁĶĸĿĿĴŇļłŁņє ŅĴŃĻ ӉׇņĻłŊņ ŇĻĸ ĿļĶĸŁņĸņ ļņņňĸķ łŅ ĶĴŁĶĸĿĿĸķ ļŁ ӅӃӄӌׇĴŁķ ŇĻĸ trend for these data over the last five years. ASN also issued in ӅӃӄӌё ĹłŅ ŇĻĸ ĹļŅņŇ Ňļŀĸё ӄёӅӃӊׇŁłŇļĹļĶĴŇļłŁ ĴĶľŁłŊĿĸķĺĸŀĸŁŇņ ĹłŅ sealed radioactive sources. The entry into effect of ASN resolution ӅӃӄӋі іӃӉӇӌׇłĹ ӄӋׇ ĶŇłĵĸŅ ŀĸŁŇļłŁĸķ ļŁ ŃłļŁŇׇӅєӇєӅ ļņ ŇĻĸ ŀĴļŁ reason for the very large drop in the number of licenses issued and, conversely, the increase in notification acknowledgements issued and illustrates the concrete application of the graded approach to risk control. Once the license or notification acknowledgement is obtained, the holder can procure sources. To do this, it collects supply request forms from IRSN, enabling the Institute to verify –as part of its duty to keep the national inventory of ionising radiation sources up to date– that the orders are in conformity with the license or notification acknowledgement issued to the user and the license of its supplier. If the order is correct, the transfer is then recorded by IRSN, which notifies the interested parties that delivery can take place. In the event of difficulty, the transfer is not validated and IRSN refers the case to ASN (see box below). Cases of ionising radiation generators ASN has been responsible for the oversight of these devices since 2002, devices for which numerous administrative compliance ĴĶŇļłŁņ ĴŅĸ ņŇļĿĿ ŅĸńňļŅĸķє Ł ӅӃӄӌё ļŇ ĺŅĴŁŇĸķ ӆӌׇĿļĶĸŁņĸņ ĴŁķ ӅӃӆׇĿļĶĸŁņĸ ŅĸŁĸŊĴĿņ ĹłŅ ŇĻĸ ňņĸ łĹ іŅĴŌ ĺĸŁĸŅĴŇłŅņє ĴĿņł ļņņňĸķ ӄёӄӋӋׇŁłŇļĹļĶĴŇļłŁ ĴĶľŁłŊĿĸķĺĸŀĸŁŇņ ĹłŅ ķĸʼnļĶĸņ ĸŀļŇŇļŁĺ ļłŁļņļŁĺ ŅĴķļĴŇļłŁ ļŁ ӅӃӄӌє ņ ŊļŇĻ ŅĴķļłĴĶŇļʼnĸ ņłňŅĶĸņё ŇĻĸ ĿĴŅĺĸ reduction in the number of licenses issued and, conversely, the significant increase in notification acknowledgements, are the direct consequence of the entry into effect of the abovementioned ŅĸņłĿňŇļłŁ ӅӃӄӋі іӃӉӇӌׇłĹ ӄӋׇ ĶŇłĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӋє ŇłŇĴĿ łĹ ӅёӄӃӌׇĿļĶĸŁņĸņ ĴŁķ ӉёӄӌӆׇŁłŇļĹļĶĴŇļłŁ ĴĶľŁłŊĿĸķĺĸŀĸŁŇņ have been issued for devices emitting ionising radiation since ӅӃӃӅє ŅĴŃĻ ӊׇļĿĿňņŇŅĴŇĸņ ŇĻĸ ŇŅĸŁķ ĹłŅ ŇĻĸ ĿĴņŇ ĹĸŊ ŌĸĴŅņє 242 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 ׎ ٲ ז SOURCES OF IONISING RADIATION AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL, VETERINARY AND RESEARCH APPLICATIONS ³ƺǼƺȇǣɖȅ ژדוٮ ǕƏȅȅƏ ȸƏƳǣȒǕȸƏȵǝɵ ژ Áǝƺ ɖɀƺ Ȓǔ ɀƺǼƺȇǣɖȅ ژדוٮ ǣȇ ǕƏȅȅƏ ȸƏƳǣȒǕȸƏȵǝɵ ǝƏɀ ƫƺƺȇ authorised in France since 2006. Implemented in the same devices as those functioning with iridium-192, ɀƺǼƺȇǣɖȅ ژדוٮ Ȓǔǔƺȸɀ ɀǣǕȇǣǔǣƬƏȇɎ ȸƏƳǣƏɎǣȒȇ ȵȸȒɎƺƬɎǣȒȇ advantages in gamma radiography The reason for this is ɎǝƏɎ ƺȷɖǣɮƏǼƺȇɎ ƳȒɀƺ ȸƏɎƺɀ Əȸƺ ƏƫȒɖɎ ڙדד ȅ³ɮ ٢ȅǣǼǼǣɀǣƺɮƺȸɎɀ٣ per hour and per TBq (terabecquerel) one metre from the ɀȒɖȸƬƺً Əɀ ȒȵȵȒɀƺƳ ɎȒ ׏ ב ׎ ڙ ȅ³ɮٖǝٖÁ ȷ ǔȒȸ ǣȸǣƳǣɖȅ ٮ ׏ אח ِ çƺɎ ǣɎ ƬƏȇ ƫƺ ɖɀƺƳ ǣȇ ȵǼƏƬƺ Ȓǔ ǣȸǣƳǣɖȅ ٮ ׏ ژאח ǣȇ ȇɖȅƺȸȒɖɀ ǣȇƳɖɀɎȸǣƏǼ fields, especially the petrochemical or boilermaking industry, and it enables the cordoned-off safety area to be significantly reduced and facilitates intervention in the ƺɮƺȇɎ Ȓǔ Əȇ ǣȇƬǣƳƺȇɎِ Xȇ IȸƏȇƬƺً Ǽƺɀɀ ɎǝƏȇ א ׎ ۏ Ȓǔ ȵȒȸɎƏƫǼƺ ƳƺɮǣƬƺɀ Əȸƺ ƺȷɖǣȵȵƺƳ ɯǣɎǝ Ə ɀƺǼƺȇǣɖȅ ژדוٮ ɀȒɖȸƬƺِ Áǝƺ ƳƺȵǼȒɵȅƺȇɎ Ȓǔ ɀƺǼƺȇǣɖȅ ژדוٮ ǝƏɀ ȸƺƬƺƳƺƳ ǣȇ Ɏǝƺ ǼƏɀɎ ǔƺɯ months. This is because the production plants in Russia have encountered difficulties causing a break in supplies throughout Europe. ASN nevertheless still encourages its use given that the current problems are temporary. Furthermore, the sealed source manufacturers in the United States, who for a long time did not embrace this technology, are now proposing sources of this type. ژ ȇƺɯ ȅƏȇɖǔƏƬɎɖȸƺȸ ǝƏɀ ƏǼȸƺƏƳɵ ƫƺƺȇ ǼǣƬƺȇɀƺƳ ǣȇ א ׎׏ ח ِ