Abstracts ASN Report 2019

Ҋ the setting up of procedures to ensure that the checks conducted on the goods or transport vehicles do not lead to accidental exposure of workers or other individuals. The use of ionising technologies to seek out illegal immigrants ļŁ ŇŅĴŁņŃłŅŇ ʼnĸĻļĶĿĸņ ļņ ŃŅłĻļĵļŇĸķ ļŁ ŅĴŁĶĸє ňŅļŁĺ ĶňņŇłŀņ inspections of trucks using tomographic techniques, for example, the drivers must be kept away from the vehicle and other checks must be performed prior to irradiation to detect the presence of any illegal immigrants, in order to avoid unjustified exposure of people during the inspection. ב ِ ב ِ א Áǝƺ ȸƏƳǣƏɎǣȒȇ ȵȸȒɎƺƬɎǣȒȇ ɀǣɎɖƏɎǣȒȇ The use of particle accelerators presents significant radiation exposure risks for the workers; ASN is particularly attentive to ŇĻĸņĸ ĹĴĶļĿļŇļĸņ ĴŁķ ŇĻĸŅĸĹłŅĸ ļŁņŃĸĶŇņ ŇĻĸŀ ŅĸĺňĿĴŅĿŌє Ł ӅӃӄӋё ASN put in place inspection indicators specific to particle accelerators, which now enable the radiation protection situation in this sector of activity to be better assessed on the national scale. Ł ӅӃӄӋׇĴŁķ ӅӃӄӌё ӆӄׇĶĸŁŇŅĸņ ĸńňļŃŃĸķ ŊļŇĻ ŇĻĸņĸ ķĸʼnļĶĸņ ŊĸŅĸ ļŁņŃĸĶŇĸķ ĵŌ Ҏļєĸє ӇӌՌ łĹ ŇĻĸ ŁĴŇļłŁĴĿ ĹĿĸĸŇҏє ASN considers the radiation protection situation in the facilities using these devices to be satisfactory on the whole. In effect, the key requirements for conducting this activity with a satisfactory level of radiation protection (organisation of radiation protection, training, technical verifications and design of the premises in which these devices are used) are appropriately implemented by the large majority of the licensees. Nevertheless, the inspections also identified areas for improve- ment on which ASN will remain vigilant: Ҋ compliance with the regulations concerning the frequency of third-party technical checks and the formalised processing of non-conformities detected during these checks; 1. Immunofluorescence is an immunolabelling technique that uses antibodies and fluorochromes. Ҋ the presence of an unlocking device which can be actuated from inside the rooms in which particle accelerators are used; Ҋ the correct functioning of the audio signal associated with the patrol procedure, which aims to confirm that nobody is in the room before authorising the emission of ionising radiation. Lastly, with regard to experience feedback, no significant ŅĴķļĴŇļłŁ ŃŅłŇĸĶŇļłŁ ĸʼnĸŁŇ ŊĴņ ŅĸŃłŅŇĸķ Ňł ļŁ ӅӃӄӌё ĴŃĴŅŇ from the recurrent events associated with the use of particle accelerators in shipment security checks. Effectively, when conducting these checks the customs services take precautions (such as broadcasting information messages in several languages) to avoid the unjustified irradiation of people who could be hiding in these vehicles (see point 3.3.1). However, despite these precautions, the customs services regularly notify ASN of events relating to the exposure of people hidden in checked vehicles. Nevertheless, although this exposure is unjustified, it remains extremely low with effective doses of just a few μ Sv (microsieverts). ב ِ ג «ƺɀƺƏȸƬǝ ƏƬɎǣɮǣɎǣƺɀ ǣȇɮȒǼɮǣȇǕ ɖȇɀƺƏǼƺƳ ȸƏƳǣȒƏƬɎǣɮƺ ɀȒɖȸƬƺɀ ב ِ ג ِ׏ Áǝƺ ƳƺɮǣƬƺɀ ɖɀƺƳ Ł ŇĻĸ ŅĸņĸĴŅĶĻ ņĸĶŇłŅё Ĵņ ĴŇ ӆӄׇ ĸĶĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӌё ĶłňŁŇņ ӉӌӊׇĿļĶĸŁņĸņ ļņņňĸķ ňŁķĸŅ ŇĻĸ ňĵĿļĶ ĸĴĿŇĻ łķĸё łĹ ŊĻļĶĻ ӌӆՌ ĴŅĸ ĺŅĴŁŇĸķ Ňł ŃňĵĿļĶ łŅ ŀļŋĸķ ҎŃňĵĿļĶѼŃŅļʼnĴŇĸҏ ĸŁŇļŇļĸņє Ļĸ ŁňŀĵĸŅ łĹ ĿļĶĸŁņĸņ ĻĴņ ĵĸĸŁ ķĸĶŅĸĴņļŁĺ ĶłŁņŇĴŁŇĿŌ ĹłŅ ӈׇŌĸĴŅņё ņļŁĶĸ ĴĵłňŇ ӄӃׇĿļĶĸŁņĸņ łŁ ĴʼnĸŅĴĺĸ ĴŅĸ ŅĸŃĸĴĿĸķ ĸĴĶĻ ŌĸĴŅє Ļļņ reduction can essentially be explained by two factors: either the use of alternative non-ionising technologies (example: immunofluorescent (1) labelling of cells, etc.), or the grouping of the licenses of several laboratories into a single license for which the person responsible for the nuclear activity is usually the director of the newly created structure. Added to these factors, ņļŁĶĸ ĸĴŅĿŌ ӅӃӄӌё ļņ ŇĻĸ ŇŅĴŁņĹĸŅ łĹ ĶĸŅŇĴļŁ ŁňĶĿĸĴŅ ĴĶŇļʼnļŇļĸņ ĹŅłŀ the licensing system to the notification system (see point 2.4.2). 248 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 ׎ ٲ ז SOURCES OF IONISING RADIATION AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL, VETERINARY AND RESEARCH APPLICATIONS GRAPH 10 Distribution of particle accelerators by end-purpose 3 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 Number of licencees 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 11 24 Neutron analysis Surface treatment (including polymer cross-linking) Logging Ion implantation Measuring instrument calibration Design of accelerators for commercialisation Other Sterilisation Veterinary radiotherapy Security inspection Non-destructive inspection ³ƬǣƺȇɎǣˡƬ research