Abstracts ASN Report 2019

׫٫ ڲ ASN actions in the field of fuel cycle facilities: a graded approach א ِ׏ Áǝƺ ǕȸƏƳƺƳ ƏȵȵȸȒƏƬǝ ƏƬƬȒȸƳǣȇǕ ɎȒ Ɏǝƺ ȸǣɀǸɀ ǣȇ Ɏǝƺ ǔƏƬǣǼǣɎǣƺɀ The fuel cycle facilities represent different risks at the different stages in the fuel cycle: Ҋ The conversion and enrichment facilities mainly entail toxic risks (owing to the chemical form of the radioactive substances they use), criticality risks (when they use enriched materials) and the risk of dissemination of radioactive substances (in powder, liquid or crystallised form). Ҋ The fuel fabrication facilities mainly entail toxic risks (when they have conversion units), criticality, fire or explosion risks (in the ceramic plants which use heating processes), the risk of dissemination of radioactive substances (powder or crystals) and of exposure to ionising radiation (when they use reprocessed substances). Ҋ The spent fuel reprocessing facilities mainly entail risks of dissemination of radioactive substances (the substances used are mainly liquids and powders), of criticality (the fissile substances employed change geometrical shape) and exposure to ionising radiation (the fuels contain highly irradiating substances). Their common point is that they never seek to create chain reactions (prevention of the criticality risk) and that they use dangerous substances in industrial quantities. Conventional industrial risks are therefore particularly present. Certain plants, ņňĶĻ Ĵņ ŅĴŁł ŌĶĿĸ ĴŇ ŅļĶĴņŇļŁ ĴŁķ Ĵ Ĵĺňĸ łŅ ŅĴŀĴŇłŀĸ at Romans-sur-Isère, are in this respect subject to the Seveso Directive. ASN devotes efforts to applying oversight that is proportionate to the potential risks of each facility. Each facility is more specifically classified by ASN in one of three categories defined on the basis of the scale of the risks and detrimental effects it ŅĸŃŅĸņĸŁŇņє Ļļņ ׇĶĿĴņņļĹļĶĴŇļłŁ ĸŁĴĵĿĸņ ŇĻĸ łʼnĸŅņļĺĻŇ ĴŁķ monitoring of the facilities to be adapted, with reinforcement of the inspections and the scope of the reviews carried out by ASN for the higher risk facilities. When the installations are substantially modified or when they are finally shut down, ASN is in charge of examining these modifications, which are the subject of an amending decree from the Government, after prior consultation of ASN. ASN also ĸņŇĴĵĿļņĻĸņ ĵļŁķļŁĺ ŅĸńňļŅĸŀĸŁŇņ ĹłŅ ŇĻĸņĸ ŀĴļŁ ņŇĸŃņє ļŁĴĿĿŌё ASN also reviews the safety files specific to the operations of each BNI. łŅ ĸĴĶĻ ĹĴĶļĿļŇŌё ŀłŁļŇłŅņ ŇĻĸ łŅĺĴŁļņĴŇļłŁ ĴŁķ ŀĸĴŁņ chosen by the licensee to enable it to assume its responsibilities in terms of nuclear safety, radiation protection, emergency management in the event of an accident and protection of nature, the environment and public health and safety. ASN monitors the working of the organisations put into place by the licensees mainly through inspections, more specifically those devoted to safety management. א ِ א nƺɀɀȒȇɀ ǼƺƏȸȇƺƳ ǔȸȒȅ IɖǸɖɀǝǣȅƏ (ƏǣǣƬǝǣ Priority was given to integrating the lessons learned from the ňľňņĻļŀĴ ĴļļĶĻļ ĴĶĶļķĸŁŇ łŁ ĴĿĿ ŇĻĸ ĹňĸĿ ĶŌĶĿĸ ĹĴĶļĿļŇļĸņє Ļĸ ĿļĶĸŁņĸĸņ ņňŃŃĿļĸķ ņŇŅĸņņ ŇĸņŇ ŅĸŃłŅŇņ ļŁ ĸŃŇĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӄׇĹłŅ ĴĿĿ ĹĴĶļĿļŇļĸņ ĴŁķ ņļŇĸņё ŊļŇĻ ŇĻĸ ĸŋĶĸŃŇļłŁ łĹ ׇӉӆׇļŁ łŀĴŁņіņňŅі Isère, for which the report was submitted in September 2012. In June 2012, ASN set additional requirements for the Orano ŌĶĿĸ ĴŁķ ŅĴŀĴŇłŀĸ ĹĴĶļĿļŇļĸņ Ĵņņĸņņĸķ ļŁ ӅӃӄӄё ļŁ ŇĻĸ ĿļĺĻŇ of the conclusions of the stress tests. These requirements more specifically stipulate the deployment of a “hardened safety core” of material and organisational provisions designed to prevent a severe accident or limit its spread, mitigate large-scale releases and enable the licensee to fulfil its emergency management duties. ĸŁĸŅĴĿĿŌ ņŃĸĴľļŁĺё ŅĴŁł ĴŁķ ŅĴŀĴŇłŀĸ ķĸņļĺŁĸķ ŁĸŊ ŀĸĴŁņ to deal with extreme situations in their facilities and implemented them in good time. More specifically, the Local Emergency Command Posts (PCD-L) on the Romans-sur-Isère and Tricastin sites were relocated to new emergency management buildings designed to withstand ĸŋŇŅĸŀĸ ĻĴōĴŅķņє Ļĸņĸ ĵňļĿķļŁĺņ ŀłŅĸ ņŃĸĶļĹļĶĴĿĿŌ ĶłŁŇĴļŁ Ĵ ventilation system with filtration enabling the personnel present to be protected against a toxic release from the site’s facilities, neighbouring facilities or, on the Tricastin site, a radioactive release from the neighbouring Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). With regard to the La Hague site, Orano Cycle carried out work and deployed means to ensure significant water reserves in the event of an extreme situation, and means to ensure recirculation of water under the storage pools and thus maintain a minimum ŊĴŇĸŅ ĿĸʼnĸĿ Ĵĵłʼnĸ ŇĻĸ ĹňĸĿ ĴņņĸŀĵĿļĸņ ļŁ ŇĻĸ ĸʼnĸŁŇ łĹ Ĵ ĿĸĴľє ļŁĴĿĿŌё the site’s new PCD-L emergency building, which is robust to ĸŋŇŅĸŀĸ ĻĴōĴŅķņё ĻĴņ ĵĸĸŁ łŃĸŅĴŇļłŁĴĿ ņļŁĶĸ ӅӃӄӌє On the Marcoule site, Orano Cycle has begun the construction of its new emergency building, designed to withstand extreme ĻĴōĴŅķņє łŊĸʼnĸŅё ŇĻļņ ĶłŁņŇŅňĶŇļłŁ ņļŇĸ ļņ ĵĸĻļŁķ ņĶĻĸķňĿĸ ĴŁķ should be completed in 2020. ĶłŁņļķĸŅņ ŇĻĴŇ ŇĻĸ ŃŅłĺŅĸņņ łĹ ŇĻĸ ŃłņŇі ňľňņĻļŀĴ ŊłŅľ ĴŁķ the organisational measures adopted are satisfactory at Orano ŌĶĿĸ ĴŁķ ŅĴŀĴŇłŀĸє א ِ ב ¨ƺȸǣȒƳǣƬ ɀƏǔƺɎɵ ȸƺɮǣƺɯɀ Ȓǔ ǔɖƺǼ ƬɵƬǼƺ ǔƏƬǣǼǣɎǣƺɀ ļŁĶĸ ŇĻĸ ŃňĵĿļĶĴŇļłŁ łĹ ŇĻĸ ĸĶŅĸĸ łĹ Ӆׇ łʼnĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӃӊё ĴĿĿ ŇĻĸ ׇĿļĶĸŁņĸĸņ ŀňņŇ ĶĴŅŅŌ łňŇ ŃĸŅļłķļĶ ņĴĹĸŇŌ ŅĸʼnļĸŊņ łĹ ŇĻĸļŅ facilities at least every ten years. These exercises were carried out gradually on the fuel cycle facilities. The first one concerns ņׇӄӈӄ Ҏ ĸĿłŋҏ ĴŁķ ӄӆӋׇҎ łĶĴŇŅļҏ ĴŁķ ļķĸŁŇļĹļĸķ ŁňŀĸŅłňņ ŃłļŁŇņ on which these facilities could be reinforced. Most of this work has today been completed. The examination of the periodic safety reviews confirmed that the subjects to be examined by the licensee during the periodic safety reviews, along with the required methodologies, should be defined during what is referred to as the orientation phase. In addition, probabilistic analyses must be added to the safety ĶĴņĸņ ĹłŅ ĴĿĿ ŇĻĸ ņє łĿĿłŊļŁĺ ŇĻĸ ŃĸŅļłķļĶ ņĴĹĸŇŌ ŅĸʼnļĸŊ łĹ ŃĿĴŁŇ ӅіӋӃӃׇҎ ׇӄӄӊҏё ŅĴŁł ĸņŇĴĵĿļņĻĸķ Ĵ ņĴĹĸŇŌ ĴŁĴĿŌņļņ methodology based on methods applied to Installations Classified for Protection of the Environment. This change will represent significant progress for the analysis of complex accident sequences. Orano is being proactive in its implementation. In 2020, Orano Cycle must formally submit its probabilistic analysis methodology to ASN for all the BNIs. Ļĸ ŃĸŅļłķļĶ ņĴĹĸŇŌ ŅĸʼnļĸŊ łĹ ׇӌӋׇҎ ҏ ķĸŀłŁņŇŅĴŇĸķ ŇĻĸ Łĸĸķ ĹłŅ ļŀŃŅłʼnĸķ ļŁĶłŅŃłŅĴŇļłŁ łĹ ŇĻĸ ĻĴōĴŅķņ ĿļŁľĸķ to dangerous substances into the safety case of the fuel cycle facilities, while ensuring a level of stringency at least equivalent to that of Seveso classified upper-tier facilities. 320 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 ׏׏ ٲ NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE INSTALLATIONS