Abstracts ASN Report 2019

׏ِ א ِ ב XȇƳɖɀɎȸǣƏǼ ǣȒȇǣɀƏɎǣȒȇ ǣȇɀɎƏǼǼƏɎǣȒȇɀ Industrial ionisation installations, called irradiators, use the ĺĴŀŀĴ ŅĴŌņ ĸŀļŇŇĸķ ĵŌ ņĸĴĿĸķ ņłňŅĶĸņ łĹ ĶłĵĴĿŇіӉӃׇŇł ļŅŅĴķļĴŇĸ targets in the irradiation cells. These irradiation cells are designed with particularly thick walls and windows, to protect the operators against the ionising radiation. The sealed sources are either placed in the lowered position, stored in a pool under a layer of water which protects the workers, or are placed in the raised position to irradiate the target item. Personnel exposure to ionising radiation is thus the primary risk in these facilities. The main applications of irradiators are to sterilise medical equipment, agrifood products and pharmaceutical raw materials. Irradiators can also be used to study the behaviour of materials under ionising radiation, notably to qualify materials for the nuclear industry. These irradiators are used by: Ҋ the Ionisos Group, which operates three facilities located in ĴĺŁĸňŋ Ҏ ׇӉӋҏё łňōĴňĺĸņ Ҏ ׇӄӇӉҏ ĴŁķ ĴĵĿųіņňŅі ĴŅŇĻĸ Ҏ ׇӄӈӇҏђ Ҋ ŇĻĸ ŇĸŅļņ ĺŅłňŃё ŊĻļĶĻ łŃĸŅĴŇĸņ ŇĻĸ ĴŀŀĴņŇĸŅ Ҏ ׇӄӇӊҏ ĴŁķ ĴŀŀĴŇĸĶ Ҏ ׇӄӊӃҏ ĹĴĶļĿļŇļĸņ ļŁ ĴŅņĸļĿĿĸ ĴŁķ ĴŅĶłňĿĸђ Ҋ ё ŊĻļĶĻ łŃĸŅĴŇĸņ ŇĻĸ łņųļķłŁ ļŅŅĴķļĴŇłŅ Ҏ ׇӊӊҏ łŁ the Saclay site. ׏ِ ב xƏɎƺȸǣƏǼɀ ɀɎȒȸƏǕƺ ǔƏƬǣǼǣɎǣƺɀ The materials storage facilities operated by CEA are primarily devoted to the conservation of non-irradiated (or slightly irradiated) uranium and plutonium-bearing fissile materials from other CEA facilities. This enables the laboratories (Atalante, Lefca, etc.) to be supplied according to the needs of the experiments being conducted. More recently, they have become a temporary storage solution for the fissile materials which were present in facilities that are now shutdown, such as the research reactors (ÉOLE, Minerve, Osiris, Masurca, etc.). • ¨ȸǣȇƬǣȵǼƺɀ ƏȇƳ ɀƏǔƺɎɵ ǣɀɀɖƺɀ The main challenges inherent in these facilities are to prevent the dispersal of radioactive substances and to control the chain reaction (criticality). The safety of these facilities is based on a series of static physical barriers (walls and doors of rooms and buildings) to prevent the dispersal of radioactive substances. When operations are carried out on these substances, static confinement is also provided by the equipment (glovebox, shielded cell) in which these operations are performed. This static confinement is supplemented by dynamic confinement consisting on the one hand of a cascade of negative pressure environments between the rooms where there is a risk of radioactive substance dissemination and, on the other, filtration of the gaseous releases into the environment. The chain reaction is controlled by strict instructions regarding the handling, storage and monitoring of the materials being stored. • (ƺƳǣƬƏɎƺƳ ɀɎȒȸƏǕƺ ǔƏƬǣǼǣɎǣƺɀ Ļĸ ĴĺĸŁŇĴ ĹĴĶļĿļŇŌ Ҏ ׇӄӉӌҏё ĶłŀŀļņņļłŁĸķ ļŁ ӅӃӄӄׇĴŁķ operated by the CEA on its Cadarache site, is dedicated to the storage of non-irradiated fissile material and the non-destructive characterisation of the nuclear materials received. It is more ŃĴŅŇļĶňĿĴŅĿŌ ŅĸŃĿĴĶļŁĺ ŇĻĸ ĸŁŇŅĴĿ ļņņļĿĸ ĴŇĸŅļĴĿ ĴŅĸĻłňņĸ Ҏ ё ׇӈӆҏё ŊĻļĶĻ ŊĴņ ĹļŁĴĿĿŌ ņĻňŇ ķłŊŁ ĴŇ ŇĻĸ ĸŁķ łĹ ӅӃӄӊє • xƏɎƺȸǣƏǼɀ ɀɎȒȸƏǕƺ ƏȸƺƏɀ ǣȇ zXɀ Other radioactive material storage areas, located within a BNI, are authorised to store radioactive materials on the site, but in quantities far lower than those stored in Magenta. This is ĹłŅ ĸŋĴŀŃĿĸ ŇĻĸ ĶĴņĸ ŊļŇĻ ׇӈӈё ĶĴĿĿĸķ ё ŊĻļĶĻ ņŇłŅĸņ spent fuels and fuels irradiated following reprocessing and/or conditioning. ׏ِ ג …ɖɎǼȒȒǸ ي ¨ǼƏȇȇƺƳ ǔƏƬǣǼǣɎǣƺɀ A large number of CEA’s facilities were built to support the ŅĸŁĶĻ ĹĿĸĸŇ ļŁ ŇĻĸ ӄӌӉӃņ Ňł ӄӌӊӃņє ĻĸŌ ĴŅĸ ŁłŊ ĴĺĸļŁĺє CEA is envisaging the eventual construction of a new laboratory, ĶĴĿĿĸķ łņĴƖĶё Ňł ŅĸŃĿĴĶĸ ŇĻĸ ĿĴĵłŅĴŇłŅŌє Ň ŇĻĸ ĸŁķ łĹ ӅӃӄӌё CEA sent ASN the safety options for this new facility. Active Fuel Examination Laboratory (LECA) 1: Shielded cells 2: Transfer vehicles 3: Shafts ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 327 ׏ ٲ א NUCLEAR RESEARCH AND MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES 12