Abstracts ASN Report 2019

The decommissioning phase may be preceded by a preparatory stage, provided for in the initial operating licence. This preparatory phase allows for removal of a portion of the radioactive and chemical substances as well as preparation for the decommissioning operations (readying of premises, preparation of worksites, training of teams, etc.). It is also during this preparatory phase that installation characterisation operations can be carried out (radiological maps, collection of pertinent data (operating history) with a view to decommissioning, etc.). The fuel in a nuclear reactor can be removed during this phase. The Environment Code requires –as is the case for all other BNIs– that the safety of a facility undergoing decommissioning be ŅĸʼnļĸŊĸķ ŃĸŅļłķļĶĴĿĿŌ ĴŁķ ĴŇ ĿĸĴņŇ ĸʼnĸŅŌ ӄӃׇŌĸĴŅņє ѡņ łĵĽĸĶŇļʼnĸ with these safety reviews is to ascertain that the installation complies with the provisions of its decommissioning decree and the associated safety and radiation protection requirements through to its delicensing by applying the principles of defence in depth specific to nuclear safety. On completion of decommissioning, a nuclear facility can be delicensed by an ASN resolution approved by the Minister responsible for nuclear safety. It is then removed from the ĿļņŇ łĹ ņ ĴŁķ ļņ Łł ĿłŁĺĸŅ ņňĵĽĸĶŇ Ňł ŇĻĸ ׇŅĸĺňĿĴŇłŅŌ framework. As part of its delicencing application, the licensee must provide a file containing a description of the state of the site after decommissioning (analysis of the state of the soils, remaining buildings or facilities, etc.) and demonstrating that the planned final state has been reached. Depending on the final state reached, ASN may require the implementation of active institutional controls as a condition of delicensing. These may set a number of restrictions on the use of the site and buildings (use limited to industrial applications for example) or precautionary measures (radiological measurements to be taken in the event of undermining (3) , etc.). ׏ِ ג Áǝƺ ǔǣȇƏȇƬǣȇǕ Ȓǔ ƳƺƬȒȅȅǣɀɀǣȒȇǣȇǕ ƏȇƳ ȸƏƳǣȒƏƬɎǣɮƺ ɯƏɀɎƺ ȅƏȇƏǕƺȅƺȇɎ ŅŇļĶĿĸņ єׇӈӌӇіӄׇŇł єׇӈӌӇіӄӇׇłĹ ŇĻĸ ŁʼnļŅłŁŀĸŁŇ łķĸׇķĸĹļŁĸ the system for ring-fencing funds to cover the costs of decommissioning nuclear facilities and managing the spent fuel and radioactive waste. This system is clarified by Decree ӅӃӃӊіӅӇӆׇłĹ Ӆӆׇ ĸĵŅňĴŅŌ ӅӃӃӊׇŅĸĿĴŇļʼnĸ Ňł ņĸĶňŅļŁĺ ŇĻĸ ĹňŁķļŁĺ 3. Undermining is excavation by running water of the bed of a water course, banks, cliffs, or engineering structures. łĹ ŇĻĸ ŁňĶĿĸĴŅ ĶłņŇņ ĴŁķ ĵŌ ŇĻĸ ŅķĸŅ łĹ Ӆӄׇ ĴŅĶĻ ӅӃӃӊׇŅĸĿĴŇļʼnĸ to securing the funding of nuclear costs. It aims to secure the funding for nuclear costs in compliance with the “polluter-pays” principle. It is therefore up to the nuclear licensees to take charge of this financing by setting up a dedicated portfolio of assets capable of covering the expected costs. They are obliged to submit triennial reports on these costs and annual update notices to the Government. Provisioning is ensured under direct control of the State, which analyses the situation of the each licensee and can prescribe the necessary measures should it be found to be insufficient or inappropriate. The administrative authority with competence for this control is the General Directorate for Energy and the Climate. Whatever the case may be, the nuclear licensees remain responsible for the satisfactory financing of their long-term costs. These costs are divided into five categories: Ҋ decommissioning costs, excluding long-term management of radioactive waste packages; Ҋ spent fuel management costs, excluding long-term management of radioactive waste packages; Ҋ cost of retrieving and conditioning legacy waste, excluding long-term management of radioactive waste packages; Ҋ costs of long-term management of radioactive waste packages; Ҋ cost of surveillance following closure of the disposal facilities. The costs involved must be assessed using a method based on ӄҏׇĴŁ ĴŁĴĿŌņļņ łĹ ŇĻĸ łŃŇļłŁņ ŇĻĴŇ ĶłňĿķ ĵĸ ŅĸĴņłŁĴĵĿŌ ĸŁʼnļņĴĺĸķ ĹłŅ ŇĻĸ łŃĸŅĴŇļłŁё ӅҏׇĴ ĶłŁņĸŅʼnĴŇļʼnĸ ĶĻłļĶĸ łĹ ŅĸĹĸŅĸŁĶĸ ņŇŅĴŇĸĺŌё ӆҏׇĶłŁņļķĸŅĴŇļłŁ łĹ ŅĸņļķňĴĿ ŇĸĶĻŁļĶĴĿ ňŁĶĸŅŇĴļŁŇļĸņ ĴŁķ ŃĸŅĹłŅŀĴŁĶĸ ĶłŁŇļŁĺĸŁĶļĸņё ĴŁķ ӇҏׇĶłŁņļķĸŅĴŇļłŁ łĹ łŃĸŅĴŇļŁĺ experience feedback. A Convention, signed by ASN and the DGEC for oversight of long-term costs by ASN, defines: Ҋ the conditions in which ASN produces the opinions it is ŅĸńňļŅĸķ Ňł ļņņňĸ ŃňŅņňĴŁŇ Ňł ŅŇļĶĿĸ ӄӅׇłĹ ŇĻĸ ĴĵłʼnĸіŀĸŁŇļłŁĸķ ĸĶŅĸĸ łĹ Ӆӆׇ ĸĵŅňĴŅŌ ӅӃӃӊё łŁ ŇĻĸ ĶłŁņļņŇĸŁĶŌ łĹ ŇĻĸ ņŇŅĴŇĸĺļĸņ for decommissioning and management of spent fuels and radioactive waste; Ҋ the conditions in which the Directorate General for Energy and Climate (DGEC) can call on ASN expertise pursuant to ŅŇļĶĿĸ ӄӈׇłĹ ŇĻĸ ņĴŀĸ ĸĶŅĸĸє ³ǝɖɎƳȒɯȇ ȇȒɎǣˡƬƏɎǣȒȇ IǣȇƏǼ ɀǝɖɎƳȒɯȇ 2 years minimum* 3 years maximum* (ƺǼǣƬƺȇɀǣȇǕ (ƺƬȒȅȅǣɀɀǣȒȇǣȇǕ Creation Authorisation Decree Decommissioning Decree** * Deadline extendable by 2 years in certain cases. ** The decommissioning decree takes effect on the date ASN approves the revision of the general operating rules and no later than one year after publication of the decree. …ȵƺȸƏɎǣȒȇ of the BNI (ƺƬȒȅȅǣɀɀǣȒȇǣȇǕ ȵȸƺȵƏȸƏɎǣȒȇ ȒȵƺȸƏɎǣȒȇɀ ÁȸƏȇɀȅǣɀɀǣȒȇ of the ƳƺƬȒȅȅǣɀɀǣȒȇǣȇǕ ˡǼƺ 2 years minimum Phases in the life of a Basic Nuclear Installation 334 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 ׏ ٲ ב DECOMMISSIONING OF BASIC NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS