Abstracts ASN Report 2019

As part of the PNGMDR, Andra submitted a report in July ӅӃӄӈׇĶłŁŇĴļŁļŁĺѓ Ҋ proposals of choices of management scenarios for graphite waste and bituminous waste; Ҋ preliminary design studies covering the disposal options referred to as “intact cover disposal” and “reworked cover disposal”; Ҋ the inventory of the waste to be emplaced in it and the implementation schedule. ļņņňĸķ ĴŁ łŃļŁļłŁ ӅӃӄӉі іӅӉӇׇłŁ ŁķŅĴѡņ ļŁŇĸŅļŀ ŅĸŃłŅŇ łŁ ŇĻĸ ķļņŃłņĴĿ ŃŅłĽĸĶŇ ĹłŅ і ŊĴņŇĸ łŁ Ӆӌׇ ĴŅĶĻ ӅӃӄӉє ŁķŅĴ must more specifically detail the design assumptions for the LLW-LL repository, the assessment of the safety of the repository during its operation and after closure, the quality and performance of the chosen geological formation and the consolidation of the inventory of waste that could be emplaced on the studied site. At the same time, ASN has started revising the general safety ĺňļķĸĿļŁĸņ ŁłŇļĶĸ łĹ ӅӃӃӋє ŊłŅľļŁĺ ĺŅłňŃ ĵŅļŁĺļŁĺ ŇłĺĸŇĻĸŅ ё ŅĸŁĶĻ ŁņŇļŇňŇĸ ĹłŅ ĴķļĴŇļłŁ ŅłŇĸĶŇļłŁ ĴŁķ ňĶĿĸĴŅ ĴĹĸŇŌ (IRSN), Andra, the LLW-LL waste producers and representatives łĹ ĶļʼnļĿ ņłĶļĸŇŌ ŊĴņ ŇĻňņ ņĸŇ ňŃ ļŁ ňŇňŀŁ ӅӃӄӋє ņŌŁŇĻĸņļņ łĹ the work carried out will be provided in an IRSN report in 2020. The recommendations of this report will be taken into account ļŁ ŇĻĸ ŅĸʼnļņļłŁ łĹ ŇĻĸ ĺĸŁĸŅĴĿ ņĴĹĸŇŌ ĺňļķĸĿļŁĸņ łĹ ӅӃӃӋё ŊĻļĶĻ will be replaced by an ASN guide. ĴņŇĿŌё ļŁ ĴĶĶłŅķĴŁĶĸ ŊļŇĻ ŅŇļĶĿĸ ӊׇłĹ ŇĻĸ ĸĶŅĸĸ łĹ Ӆӊׇ ĸĶĸŀĵĸŅ 2013, Orano Cycle has submitted a study on the long-term management of the Malvési site waste already produced, stored in BNI 175 –Écrin. Various envisaged disposal concepts are presented: Ҋ above-ground disposal; Ҋ ŁĸĴŅіņňŅĹĴĶĸ ҎӇӃŀҏё ŅĸŊłŅľĸķ ĶłʼnĸŅ ķļņŃłņĴĿё ļŁ ŇĻĸ ĹłŅŀĸŅ open-cast mine pit; Ҋ ŁĸĴŅіņňŅĹĴĶĸ ҎӇӃׇŀҏ ŅĸŊłŅľĸķ ĶłʼnĸŅ ķļņŃłņĴĿё ļŁ Ĵ ŁĸŊ ŃļŇ Ĵņ yet to be built. Given the nature of the waste and the configuration of the site, ļŁķļĶĴŇĸķ ļŁ ļŇņ łŃļŁļłŁ ӅӃӄӅі іӃӄӉӉׇłĹ Ӈׇ ĶŇłĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӅׇŇĻĴŇ it is not in favour of continuing the development of this type of disposal as it considers that it does not meet the long-term safety requirements. The other two disposal options presented in the ŅĸʼnĴ ņŇňķŌ łĹ ĸĶĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӇׇłŁ ŇĻĸ ĿłŁĺіŇĸŅŀ ŀĴŁĴĺĸŀĸŁŇ of legacy waste from the conversion process, are based on an identical concept, namely near-surface reworked cover disposal ĴŇ Ĵ ķĸŃŇĻ łĹ ĴĵłňŇ ӇӃׇŀє ŀłŅĸłʼnĸŅ ļņņňĸķ ĴŁķ łŃļŁļłŁ łŁ Ӆׇ ĸŃŇĸŀĵĸŅ ӅӃӄӌׇŊļŇĻ demands concerning: Ҋ the inventory and radiological and chemical characterisation łĹ ŇĻĸ ŊĴņŇĸ ĴŁķ ŀļŁĸ ŇĴļĿļŁĺņ ļŁ ŇĻĸ ņĸĶŇłŅ łĹ ĵĴņļŁ ӆׇĴŁķ łĹ ŇĻĸ ņĸŃĴŅĴŇļŁĺ ĸŀĵĴŁľŀĸŁŇ ĵĸŇŊĸĸŁ ĵĴņļŁņ ӆׇĴŁķ ӈђ Ҋ ŇĻĸ ķļņŃłņĴĿ ĶłŁĶĸŃŇ ĹłŅ ŇĻĸ ŅĴŁļňŀ ňĸĿ ĸŃŅłĶĸņņļŁĺ Residues (RTCU), particularly in terms of properties and expected performance for all the components of the disposal facility (cover, structure, packages, etc.); Ҋ knowledge of the explored formations; Ҋ the impact of the future disposal facility on the resources near the site. ׏ِ ב ِ ג xƏȇƏǕƺȅƺȇɎ Ȓǔ ǝǣǕǝ ٮ ǼƺɮƺǼ ƏȇƳ ǣȇɎƺȸȅƺƳǣƏɎƺ ٮ ǼƺɮƺǼً ǼȒȇǕ ٮ ǼǣɮƺƳ ɯƏɀɎƺ łĿĿłŊļŁĺ łŁ ĹŅłŀ ŇĻĸ ĶŇ łĹ ӆӃׇ ĸĶĸŀĵĸŅ ӄӌӌӄё ŇĻĸ ĶŇ łĹ ӅӋ ňŁĸ ӅӃӃӉׇŃŅłʼnļķĸņ ĹłŅ ŇĻĸ ŅĸņĸĴŅĶĻ ļŁŇł ŇĻĸ ŀĴŁĴĺĸŀĸŁŇ of HLW and ILW-LL radioactive waste to be continued along three complementary lines: separation and transmutation of the long-lived radionuclides, interim storage and reversible deep geological disposal. • ³ƺȵƏȸƏɎǣȒȇٖɎȸƏȇɀȅɖɎƏɎǣȒȇ Separation/transmutation processes aim to isolate and then transform the long-lived radionuclides in radioactive waste into shorter-lived radionuclides or even stable elements. The transmutation of the minor actinides contained in the waste ļņ ĿļľĸĿŌ Ňł ĻĴʼnĸ ĴŁ ļŀŃĴĶŇ łŁ ŇĻĸ ņļōĸ łĹ ŇĻĸ ķļņŃłņĴĿ ĹĴĶļĿļŇŌё by reducing both the heating power, the harmfulness of the packages placed in it and the repository inventory. Despite this however, the impact of the disposal facility on the biosphere, which originates essentially from the mobility of the fission and activation products, would not be significantly reduced. ļņņňĸķ ĴŁ łŃļŁļłŁ ӅӃӄӉі іӃӅӈӌׇłŁ Ӆӈׇ ĸĵŅňĴŅŌ ӅӃӄӉׇĵĴņĸķ on the interim report on the industrial prospects of the separation/ ŇŅĴŁņŀňŇĴŇļłŁ ŃŅłĶĸņņĸņ ņňĵŀļŇŇĸķ ĵŌ ŇĻĸ ļŁ ӅӃӄӈׇňŁķĸŅ the PNGMDR. It considers that the expected gains from the transmutation of minor actinides in terms of safety, radiation protection and waste management do not appear to be decisive, particularly given the resulting constraints on the fuel cycle facilities, the reactors and the transport operations, which would involve highly radioactive materials at all stages of the fuel cycle. ASN also considers that these gains would not eliminate the need for a deep disposal repository and could only bring a tangible reduction in the footprint of a future repository if a sufficiently large fleet of fast-neutron breeder reactors were to be operated for at least one hundred years to ensure the consistency of the cycle as a whole. • ³ɎȒȸƏǕƺ Ļĸ ņĸĶłŁķ ĿļŁĸ łĹ ŅĸņĸĴŅĶĻ ĴŁķ ņŇňķļĸņ ļŁ ŇĻĸ ĶŇ łĹ ӅӋׇ ňŁĸׇӅӃӃӉ concerns the storage of waste. The long-term storage of high-level long-lived waste, which was łŁĸ łĹ ŇĻĸ ĿļŁĸņ łĹ ŅĸņĸĴŅĶĻ ŃŅłʼnļķĸķ ĹłŅ ļŁ ŇĻĸ ĶŇ łĹ ӆӃׇ ĸĶĸŀĵĸŅ ӄӌӌӄё ĻĴņ ŁłŇ ĵĸ ŅĸŇĴļŁĸķ Ĵņ Ĵ ķĸĹļŁļŇļʼnĸ ŀĴŁĴĺĸŀĸŁŇ ņłĿňŇļłŁ ĹłŅ this type of radioactive waste. Storage facilities are nevertheless indispensable pending commissioning of the deep geological disposal facility, to allow the cooling of certain types of waste and then to accompany the industrial operation of the disposal ĹĴĶļĿļŇŌё ŊĻļĶĻ ŊļĿĿ ķĸʼnĸĿłŃ ļŁ ņŇĴĺĸņє ňŅŇĻĸŅŀłŅĸё ļĹ łŃĸŅĴŇļłŁņ Ňł remove emplaced packages were to be decided on in the context of the reversibility of the repository, storage facilities would be needed. Reception of the first radioactive waste packages for deep geological disposal is now planned for around 2030. Ļĸ ĶŇ łĹ ӅӋׇ ňŁĸ ӅӃӃӉׇŇĴņľĸķ ŁķŅĴ ŊļŇĻ ĶłłŅķļŁĴŇļŁĺ ŇĻĸ research and studies on the storage of HL and ILW-LL waste, which are therefore part of the approach of complementarity with the reversible repository. This law stipulated more specifically that ŇĻĸ ŅĸņĸĴŅĶĻ ĴŁķ ņŇňķļĸņ łŁ ņŇłŅĴĺĸ ņĻłňĿķё ĵŌ ӅӃӄӈׇĴŇ ŇĻĸ ĿĴŇĸņŇё allow new storage facilities to be created or existing facilities to be modified to meet the needs identified by the PNGMDR, ŃĴŅŇļĶňĿĴŅĿŌ ļŁ ŇĸŅŀņ łĹ ĶĴŃĴĶļŇŌ ĴŁķ ķňŅĴŇļłŁє ׇ • ¨ȸȒǕȸƺɀɀ ǣȇ ɀɎȒȸƏǕƺ In 2013, Andra submitted a report on the research and studies carried out. This report more particularly presented the established inventory of future storage needs, the exploration of the complementarity between storage and disposal, studies and research on engineering and on the phenomenological behaviour of the warehouses and a review of innovative technical options. Ņłŀ ӅӃӄӆׇŇł ӅӃӄӈё ŁķŅĴ ĶłŁķňĶŇĸķ ŀłŅĸ ļŁіķĸŃŇĻ ņŇňķļĸņ into storage concepts linked to repository reversibility. This concerns facilities which, if necessary, would accept packages Ņĸŀłʼnĸķ ĹŅłŀ ŇĻĸ ŅĸŃłņļŇłŅŌє łŅ ņňĶĻ ĹĴĶļĿļŇļĸņё ŁķŅĴ Ŀłłľĸķ ĹłŅ versatility which would allow simultaneous or successive storage of packages of various types in their primary form or placed in disposal overpacks. In its study submitted in 2013, Andra stated that it had stopped its research on near-surface storage facilities. 354 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2019 ׏ ٲ ג RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND CONTAMINATED SITES AND SOILS