ASN Report 2020

Every year, the IRSN takes more than 25,000 samples in all compartments of the environment (excluding the remote- measurement networks). The radioactivity levels measured in France are stable and situated at very low levels, generally at the detection sensitivity threshold of the measuring instruments. The artificial radioactivity detected in the environment results essentially from fallout from the atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons carried out in the 1960s, and from the Chernobyl (Ukraine) accident. Traces of artificial radioactivity associated with discharges can sometimes be detected near installations. To this can be added very local contaminations resulting from incidents or past industrial activities, and which do not represent a health risk. Based on the results of nationwide radioactivity monitoring published in the RNM and in accordance with the provisions of amended ASN resolution 2008-DC-0099 of 29 April 2008, the IRSN regularly publishes a Detailed summary of the radiological state of the French environment . The third edition of these results was published at the end of 2018 and corresponds to the period 2015-2017. The IRSN also produces regional radiological reports providing more precise information about a given region. 4.3  Laboratories approved by ASN to guarantee measurement quality Articles R.1333-25 and R.1333-26 of the Public Health Code require the creation of a RNM and a procedure to have the radioactivity measurement laboratories approved by ASN. The RNM working methods are defined by the above-mentioned amended ASN resolution of 29 April 2008. This network is being deployed for two main reasons: ∙ to pursue the implementation of a quality assurance policy for environmental radioactivity measurements by setting up a system of laboratory approvals granted by ASN resolution; ∙ to ensure transparency by making the results of this environ­ mental monitoring and information about the radiological impact of nuclear activities in France available to the public on the RNM website (see point 4.2.1). The approvals cover all environmental matrices for which regulatory oversight is imposed on the licensees: water, soil or sediment, biological matrices (fauna, flora, milk), aerosols and atmospheric gases. The measurements concern the main artificial or natural gamma, beta or alpha emitting radionuclides, as well as the ambient gamma dosimetry. The list of the types of measurements covered by an approval is set by the above- mentioned amended ASN resolution of 29 April 2008. In total, an approval covers about 50 measurements, for which there are as many Inter-laboratory Comparison Tests (ILT). These tests are organised by the IRSN in a five-year cycle, which corresponds to the maximum approval validity period. In order to produce operating experience feedback from the inter-laboratory comparison tests organised by the IRSN, since they were set up in 2003, ASN and the IRSN decided to organise a joint seminar in 2021 bringing together all the environmental monitoring stakeholders (laboratories of nuclear facility licensees, public institutions, universities, private, association or foreign players, etc.). 4.3.1 Laboratory approval procedure The above-mentioned amended ASN resolution 2008-DC- 0099 of 29 April 2008 specifies the organisation of the national network and sets the approval arrangements for the environmental radioactivity measurement laboratories. The approval procedure notably includes: ∙ presentation of an application file by the laboratory concerned, after participation in an ILT; ∙ review of it by ASN; ∙ examination of the application files – which are made anonymous – by a pluralistic approval commission which delivers an opinion on them. The laboratories are approved by ASN resolution published in its Official Bulletin . The list of approved laboratories is updated every six months. 4.3.2 The approval commission The approval commission is tasked with ensuring that the measurement laboratories have the organisational and technical competence to provide the RNM with high-quality measurement results. The commission is authorised to propose approval, rejection, revocation or suspension of approval to ASN. It issues a decision on the basis of an application file submitted by the candidate laboratory and its results in the inter-laboratory comparison tests organised by the IRSN. It meets every six months. The commission, chaired by ASN, comprises qualified persons and representatives of the State services, laboratories, standardising authorities and the IRSN. 4.3.3 Approval conditions Laboratories seeking approval must set up an organisation meeting the requirements of standard NF EN ISO/IEC 17025 concerning the general requirements for the competence of calibration and test laboratories. In order to demonstrate their technical competence, they must take part in ILTs) organised by the IRSN. The ILT programme, which now operates on a five-yearly basis, is updated annually. It is reviewed by the approval commission and published on the RNM’s website ( mesure-radioactivite.fr ) . Up to 70 laboratories sign up for a type of test, including a number of laboratories from other countries. The approval commission defines the evaluation criteria used for analysis of the ILTs. When the result obtained in an ILT by a laboratory is not conclusive enough, ASN may, on the advice of the approval commission, issue an approval for a trial period of one to two years for example, or make issue of the approval dependent on the provision of additional data, or even the participation in a further corroborating test. In 2020, the IRSN organised six ILTs. Since 2003, 88 ILTs have been carried out, covering 59 types of approval. The most numerous approved laboratories (54 of them) are in the field of monitoring of radioactivity in water. About 30 to 40 laboratories are approved for measurement of biological matrices (fauna, flora, milk), atmospheric dust, air, or ambient gamma dosimetry. There are 30 laboratories for soils and sediments. Although most laboratories are competent to measure gamma emitters in all environmental matrices, only about ten of them are approved to measure carbon-14, transuranic elements or radionuclides of the natural chains of uranium and thorium in water, soil and sediments and the biological matrices (grass, plant crops or livestock, milk, aquatic fauna and flora, etc.). In 2020, ASN issued 259 approvals or approval renewals. As at 1 January 2021, the total number of approved laboratories stood at 67, which represents 906 approvals of all types currently valid. The detailed list of approved laboratories and their scope of technical competence is available on asn.fr . 166 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2020 03 – REGULATION OF NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES AND EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION