ASN Report 2021

TABLE Monitoring of external exposure of workers in the civil nuclear field (year 2020) NUMBER OF PERSONS MONITORED COLLECTIVE DOSE (man-Sv (*)) INDIVIDUAL DOSE > 20 mSv Reactors and energy production (EDF) 23,603 5.65 0 "Fuel cycle"; decommissioning 12,417 3.4 0 Transport 638 0.09 0 Logistics andmaintenance (contractors) 31,807 25.42 0 Effluents, waste 789 0.1 0 Others 6,501 1.1 0 Total civil nuclear 75,755 35.76 0 (*) Man-Sv: unit of quantity of collective dose. For information, the collective dose is the sum of the individual doses received by a given group of persons. (Source: IRSN report, June 2021 – “Worker radiation protection: occupational exposure to ionising radiation in France”) TABLE Monitoring of external exposure of workers in small-scale nuclear activities (year 2020) NUMBER OF PERSONS MONITORED COLLECTIVE DOSE (man-Sv (*)) INDIVIDUAL DOSE > 20 mSv Medicine 163,633 6.28 2 (1) Dental 43,510 1.2 0 Veterinary 21,442 0.36 1 Industry 16,439 2.59 1 Research and education 10,844 0.26 0 Natural (**) 22,838 22.46 0 Total small-scale nuclear activities 278,706 33.15 4 (1) Added to these two cases is a third case detected in May 2020 in the medical sector for a cumulative dose of 21.1 mSv over 12 sliding months from June 2019 to May 2020 and not over the calendar year. (*) Man-Sv: unit of quantity of collective dose. (**) Natural covers flight crew and workers exposed to natural radionuclides of the uranium and thorium decay chains. (Source: IRSN report, June 2021 – “Worker radiation protection: occupational exposure to ionising radiation in France”) TABLE Development of number of persons monitored and average collective and individual doses in the exposed population from 2015 to 2020(*) in all areas combined (A) and in the “natural” area (B) YEAR NUMBER OF PERSONS MONITORED COLLECTIVE DOSE (man-Sv) AVERAGE INDIVIDUAL DOSE (mSv) (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B) 2015 372,881 352,641 104.41 65.61 0.98 0.76 2016 378,304 357,527 107.53 66.71 0.96 0.73 2017 384,198 360,694 100.58 53.52 1.03 0.72 2018 390,363 365,980 104.14 55.24 1.12 0.80 2019 395,040 369,712 112.31 58.73 1.20 0.85 2020 387,452 364,614 72.43 49.97 0.78 0.71 (*) For comparison purposes, the results for 2015 and 2016 have been retroactively reassessed applying the new methodological approach. (Source: IRSN report, June 2021 – “Worker radiation protection: occupational exposure to ionising radiation in France”) 1 2 3 Legacy situations, such as atmospheric nuclear tests and the Chernobyl accident (Ukraine), can make a marginal contribution to population exposure. Thus, the exposure due to fall-out from nuclear tests is currently estimated at 2.3 μSv/year in metropolitan France (1.3 for strontium-90 and 1 μSv/year for carbon-14; exposure linked to caesium-137 cannot be distinguished from that due to fall-out from the Chernobyl accident). The overall exposure due to fall-out from nuclear tests and the Chernobyl accident is 46 μSv/year for people living in areas of high persistence of this fall-out and 9.3 μSv/year for people over the rest of the country, that is to say an average dose per inhabitant of 12 μSv/year for the country as a whole (IRSN 2021). With regard to the fall-out in France from the Fukushima Daiichi accident, the results published for France by IRSN in 2011 showed the presence of radioactive iodine at very low levels, resulting in estimated effective doses for the populations of less than 2 μSv/ year in 2011. 110 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2021 01 – NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES: IONISING RADIATION AND HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS

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