3.1.1 National nuclear and radiological emergency exercises In the same way as in previous years, and together with the SGDSN, the DGSCGC and the ASND, ASN prepared a programme of national nuclear and radiological emergency exercises for 2022, concerning BNIs and the transport of radioactive substances. This programme was announced to the Prefects in the interministerial instruction of 28 January 2022. Generally speaking, these exercises enable the highest-level decision-making circles to be tested, along with the ability of the leading players to communicate, sometimes with simulated media pressure on them. Table 2 describes the key characteristics of the national exercises conducted in 2022. In addition to the national exercises, the Prefects are asked to conduct local exercises for the sites in their département, in order to improve preparedness for radiological emergency situations and more specifically to test the time needed to mobilise all the parties concerned. The performance of a national nuclear and radiological emergency exercise, at maximum intervals of five years on the nuclear sites covered by a PPI, and at least one annual exercise concerning the transport of radioactive substances, would seem to be a fair compromise between the training of individuals and the time needed to effect changes to organisations. In 2022, in addition to the general objectives of the exercises listed earlier, additional objectives were introduced into the schedule, taking account of lessons learned and the results of the exercises and experimental training carried out in 2021. ASN is also heavily involved in the preparation and performance of other emergency exercises that have a nuclear safety component and are organised by other players such as: ∙ its counterparts for nuclear security (Defence and Security High Official – HFDS – reporting to the Minister in charge of Energy) or for Defence-related facilities (ASND); ∙ international bodies (IAEA, European Commission, Nuclear Energy Agency); ∙ the Ministries for Health, the Interior, etc. The experience acquired during these exercises should enable the ASN personnel to respond more effectively in real emergency situations. 3.2 Assessing with a view to improvement Assessment meetings are organised immediately after each exercise in each emergency centre and at ASN a few weeks after the exercise. ASN, along with the other players, endeavours to identify best practices and the areas for improvement brought to light during these exercises. THE CODIRPA PUBLISHES ITS NEW RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF POST‑ACCIDENT SITUATIONS Following the publication of the first recommendations to the Government in 2012, the Codirpa continued its work to learn the lessons from the accident on the Fukushima Daiichi NPP and from national emergency exercises, involving all the stakeholders (experts, State’s services, CLIs, associations, licensees, etc.). The new Codirpa recommendations for the management of the post-accident situations following a nuclear accident were collated in a guide published in November 2022. The purpose of these proposals is to contribute to the next updates of national emergency planning. Recommandations pour la gestion post-accidentelle d’un accident nucléaire Comité directeur pour la gestion post-accidentelle d’un accident nucléaire (Codirpa) Version 2022 CITIZEN PANELS TO BUILD POST-ACCIDENT DOCTRINE TOGETHER: AND THEN THERE WERE FOUR! After Golfech and Tricastin in 2021, ASN and the CLIs once again got together for a public debate on the subject of the Codirpa’s proposals for managing the consequences of a nuclear accident, notably regarding fresh food produced locally (vegetable gardens, orchards) and produce from hunting, fishing and gathering. The main goal is to check that the citizens understand and accept the envisaged protection measures. These two additional panels were held in January and February 2022 in Paluel-Penly (76) and Dampierre-en-Burly (45) and led to intense discussions between ASN and the population in these areas. This approach, which aims to anticipate the consequences of a major accident, reflects the desire to reinforce the safety and radiation protection culture at the stakeholders concerned (population, elected officials, associations, etc.); it is a crucial area for progress, as proven by recent emergencies (Lubrizol accident, Covid-19 pandemic). The citizens panel experience will be repeated in 2023 on other subjects. 178 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2022 • 04 • Radiological emergency and post-accident situations 04
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