2. The European framework for ASN’s international relations European harmonisation of nuclear safety and radiation protection principles and standards has always been a priority for ASN. In this context, ASN participates actively in exchanges between the national nuclear safety and radiation protection authorities of the Member States. 2.1 The EURATOM Treaty and its working groups The Treaty instituting the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) was signed on 25 March 1957 and constitutes the primary source of law in the field, allowing the harmonised development of provisions allowing a strict regime of oversight for nuclear safety and security and radiation protection. The European Union (EU) Court of Justice, considering that the fields of nuclear safety and radiation protection form an inseparable whole, recognised the principle of the existence of community competence in the field of safety, as in the field of management of radioactive waste and spent fuel. ASN experts participate in the work of the EURATOM Treaty committees and working groups: ∙ group of experts specified in Article 31 (Basic Radiation Protection Standards); ∙ group of experts specified in Article 35 (verification and monitoring of radioactivity in the environment); ∙ group of experts specified in Article 36 (information concerning the monitoring of radioactivity in the environment); ∙ group of experts specified in Article 37 (notifications relative to radioactive effluent discharges). The group of experts of Article 31 met twice in 2022, remotely in May and physically in November. It was informed of the work of the European Commission notably with regard to: ∙ the SAMIRA (Strategic Agenda for Medical Ionising Radiation Applications) strategy and thus validated the QuADRANT report currently being published and entitled “Current status and Recommendations for Improving Clinical Audit Uptake and Implementation”; ∙ the ongoing studies concerning construction materials, the national radon plans and environmental monitoring. A scientific seminar was also organised in November 2022 to review radiation protection issues for fusion reactors. The proceedings of the 2021 seminar on innovations in the field of dosimetry “Advances/Innovations in individual dosimetry” were published in November 2022. The group of experts for Articles 35 and 36 of the EURATOM Treaty met in October 2022, notably to discuss the current state and planned changes to the tools used by the European Commission to provide the public with monitoring data on discharges from nuclear installations and their environment. 2.2 The European Euratom Directive on the Safety of Nuclear Facilities The Council 2009/71/Euratom Directive of 25 June 2009, revised in 2014 following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant – NPP (Japan), establishes a Community framework to ensure nuclear safety within the European Atomic Energy Community and to encourage the Member States to guarantee a high level of nuclear safety (see “Regulation” section on asn.fr). It notably makes provision for greater powers and independence for the national safety regulators, reinforces requirements regarding transparency, sets an ambitious safety objective for the entire EU (derived from the baseline safety requirements produced by WENRA), establishes a European peer review system for safety topics and requires periodic safety reviews every 10 years. It also reinforces provisions concerning education and training. This Directive is transposed into French law. It should however be noted that European legislation does not yet enshrine in law the institutional independence of the safety regulators. 2.3 The European Euratom Directive on the Management of Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste On 19 July 2011, the Council of the EU adopted a Directive establishing a community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste (Directive 2011/70/Euratom). The adoption of this Directive contributes to reinforcing safety within the EU, by making the Member States more accountable for the management of their spent fuels and their radioactive waste. EUROPEAN MULTILATERAL PART EU, European Commission, Euratom ENSREG, WENRA, HERCA CONVENTIONS Nuclear safety, Safety of Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste, Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, Assistance INTERNATIONAL MULTILATERAL PART IAEA, NEA, MDEP, INRA BILATERAL PART Cooperation and information exchange, assistance, personnel secondment ASN ASN ACTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL STAGE ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2022 195 • 06 • International relations 06 01 07 08 13 AP 04 10 12 14 03 09 05 11 02
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