∙ Diagraphy (logging), which enables the geological properties of the subsoil to be examined by inserting a measurement probe containing a source of cobalt-60, caesium-137, americium-241 or californium-252. Some sources used are high-activity sealed sources. 1.1.2 Neutron activation Neutron activation consists in irradiating a sample with a flux of neutrons to activate the atoms in the sample. The number and the energy of the gamma photons emitted by the sample in response to the neutrons received are analysed. The information collected is used to determine the concentration of atoms in the analysed material. GRAPH Breakdown of sealed radioactive source notifications 1B 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 Number of facilities with a notification acknowledgement 2019 2020 2021 2022 Atmospheric dust measurement Elimination of static electricity Smoke detectors Calibration Teaching Chromatography Electron capture detectors Electronic tubes with pre-ionisation X-ray fluorescence analysis GRAPH Breakdown of licenses or registrations for sealed radioactive sources 1A X-ray fluorescence analysis 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Calibration Density measurement and weighing Thickness measurement Atmospheric dust measurement Thickness of thin layers Level measurement Paper weight measurement Humidity and density Logging Elimination of static electricity Implementation of neutron sources Teaching Analysis Research Chromatography Electron capture detectors Gamma radiography 2018 Licenses 2019 Licenses 2020 Licenses 2021 Licenses 2022 Licenses 2021 Registrations 2022 Registrations Number of facilities licensed or registered 28 8 18 8 24 7 27 7 34 10 21 4 48 11 2 USE OF SEALED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES BY END-PURPOSE ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2022 239 08 • 08 • Sources of ionising radiation and their industrial, veterinary and research applications 01 07 13 AP 04 10 06 12 14 03 09 05 11 02
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