3. Assessment of the radiation protection situation in applications involving radiation risks in the industrial, research and veterinary sectors 3.1 Industrial radiography Industrial radiography is a non-destructive inspection method that consists in obtaining an image of the material density of an object through which electromagnetic radiation is passed in the form of X‑rays or gamma rays (gamma radiography). The image is obtained via a detector which can be a photographic silver film, a photostimulable screen with reusable memory or a set of digital detectors. Industrial radiography can be used in particular to assess defects in material uniformity, such as weld beads, or to check for fatigue. It is widely used in fabrication and maintenance operations in diverse industrial sectors such as boilermaking, petrochemicals, nuclear power plants, public works, aeronautics and armament. Radiography can be carried out in an indoor facility (in which case physical protection of the operators is ensured by the facility’s radiation protection features and safety devices) or in worksite conditions (in which case the work area must be marked out). GRAPH “User” licenses, registrations and notifications for radioactive sources issued each year 6 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 New licenses Licence renewals-modifications Cancellations Registrations Notifications Number of facilities GRAPH “User” licenses, registrations and notifications for electrical generators of ionising radiation in effect over the last five years 7 Number of facilities 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 Licenses Registrations Notifications 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2022 251 08 • 08 • Sources of ionising radiation and their industrial, veterinary and research applications 01 07 13 AP 04 10 06 12 14 03 09 05 11 02
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