There are no known estimates for nuclear activities other than BNIs owing to the methodological difficulties involved in identifying the impact of these facilities and in particular the impact of discharges containing small quantities of artificial radionuclides resulting from the use of unsealed radioactive sources in research or biology laboratories, or in nuclear medicine units. To give an example, the impact of hospital discharges could lead to doses of a several tens of microsieverts per year for the most exposed persons, particularly for certain jobs in sewage networks and wastewater treatment plants (IRSN studies 2005 and 2015). DIAGRAM Evolution of number of workers monitored, with an annual effective dose in excess of 20 mSv from 1996 to 2022 2 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 905 340 322 177 69 112 79 100 51 40 26 22 16 14 14 8 8 1 2 2 10 5 9 8 Source: IRSN. 5 1 6 0 3 6 9 12 15 2018 2019 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2021 2020 0 3 6 9 12 15 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 Details for the 2012-2022 period (Source: Worker radiation protection: occupational exposure to ionising radiation in France, IRSN 2022 report, June 2023) • Total population monitored: 386,080 workers • Monitored population for whom the annual effective dose remained below the detection threshold: 287,517 workers, i.e. 74.5% • Monitored population for whom the annual effective dose remained between the detection threshold and 1 mSv: 70,293 workers, i.e. about 18.2% • Monitored population for whom the annual effective dose remained between 1 mSv and 20 mSv: 28,264 workers, i.e. more than 7.3% of the total population monitored • Monitored population for whom the annual effective dose exceeded 20 mSv: 6 workers(*) • Monitored population for whom the equivalent dose to the extremities exceeded 500 mSv: 1 worker • Monitored population for whom the equivalent dose to the extremities exceeded 500 mSv: 2 workers • Monitored population for whom the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye exceeded 100 mSv over 5 years: none (1 exceedance was reported, but the dose that led to the exceedance was annulled by the occupational physician) • Collective dose (sum of the individual effective annual doses): 88,43 man-Sv • Average annual individual effective dose in the population which recorded a dose higher than the detection threshold: 0.9 mSv Results of internal exposure monitoring in 2022 (natural radioactivity excluded) • Number of routine examinations carried out: 231,030 (of which 0.5% were considered positive) • Population for which a dose estimation was made: 522 workers • Number of special monitoring examinations: 9,649 (of which 18% are higher than the detection threshold) • Population having recorded a committed effective dose exceeding 1 mSv: 4 workers Results of monitoring of internal exposure to natural radionuclides from the uranium and thorium decay chains in 2022 • Internal exposure: – collective dose for 311 workers: 73.89 man-mSv – Average annual individual effective dose in the population which recorded a dose higher than the detection threshold: 0.42 mSv * Four of these cases were retained by default, as the occupational physician gave no feedback on the conclusions of the investigation. RESULTS OF DOSIMETRY MONITORING OF WORKER EXTERNAL EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION (EXPOSURE TO NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY INCLUDED) IN 2022 ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2023 109 • 01 • Nuclear activities: ionising radiation and health and environmental risks 01 05 15 08 11 04 14 06 07 13 AP 03 10 02 09 12
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