The doctrine implemented by ASN is specified in the guides (available on asn.fr) relative to clean-out operations on structures (Guide No. 14) and the management of contaminated soils in nuclear facilities (Guide No. 24). The provisions of these guides have already been implemented on numerous installations with varied characteristics, such as research reactors, laboratories, fuel manufacturing plants, etc. 1.3 DECOMMISSIONING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Once a BNI is definitively shut down, it must be decommissioned. Its purpose therefore has to change with respect to that for which its creation was authorised, as the Creation Authorisation Decree (DAC) specifies the operating conditions of the installation. Furthermore, the decommissioning operations imply a change in the risks presented by the installation. Consequently, these operations cannot be carried out within the framework set by the DAC. The decommissioning of a nuclear installation is prescribed by a new decree issued on the basis of an opinion from ASN. Among other things, this decree sets out the main decommissioning steps, the planned decommissioning end date and the final state to be achieved. As part of its oversight duties, ASN monitors the implementation of the decommissioning operations as directed by the Decommissioning Decree. In order to avoid fragmentation of the decommissioning projects and to improve their overall consistency, the decommissioning file must explicitly describe all the planned operations, from final shutdown to attainment of the targeted final state and, for each step, describe the nature and scale of the risks presented by the facility as well as the means of managing them. The licensee must in its decommissioning file demonstrate that the decommissioning operations will be carried out within as short a time frame as possible. This file undergoes a public inquiry, during which the local residents, local authorities and Local Information Committee (CLI) are called upon to respond. Furthermore, the decommissioning files representing the most significant risks are examined by the Advisory Committee of Experts for Decommissioning (GPDEM), set up in 2018. Given that installation decommissioning operations are often very long, the Decommissioning Decree can stipulate that some steps will be subject to prior approval by ASN on the basis of specific safety analysis files. The “Phases in the life of a BNI” Diagram above describes the corresponding regulatory procedure. On the basis of the decommissioning file submitted by the licensee, the Minister issues a Decree stipulating the decommissioning operations to be performed on the installation and the duration of decommissioning. ASN may also impose technical requirements through a resolution in order to regulate the decommissioning operations more closely. Decommissioning concerns all the technical operations carried out with a view to achieving a final state that allows delicensing of the facility. It concerns the electromechanical decommissioning and clean-out and remediation of soils and structures. Decommissioning Decree Decommissioning operations Delicensing consists in withdrawing a facility from the list of BNIs, which implies that from this point on the facility is no longer subject to the BNI legal and administrative system. Delicensing takes place after completion of the decommissioning operations on the basis of a file presenting the final state of the facility. When necessary, usage restrictions may introduced if it has not been possible to remove all the pollution. Delicensing resolution ASN’s role stops here DECOMMISSIONING DELICENSING DÉCISION DÉCISION DÉCISION DÉCISION RESOLUTION D ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2023 349 • 14 • Decommissioning of Basic Nuclear Installations 14 05 15 08 11 04 06 07 13 AP 03 10 02 09 12 01
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