ASN Report 2023

The French Nuclear Safety Authority 2023	III
Roles	IV
Operations	V
ASN in 2023	VI
Organisation Chart	VIII
Editorial by the Commission	2
Editorial by the Director General	8
Notable events 2023	11
ASN Assessments	20
Regulatory News	30
Regional overview of nuclear safety and radiation protection	34
Auvergne‑Rhône‑Alpes	36
Bourgogne‑Franche‑Comté	45
Bretagne	46
Centre‑Val de Loire	48
Corse (Corsica)	54
Overseas	55
Grand Est	56
Hauts‑de‑France	60
Île‑de‑France	62
Normandie	70
Nouvelle‑Aquitaine	80
Occitanie	82
Pays de la Loire	87
Provence‑Alpes‑Côte d’Azur	88
01 - Nuclear activities: ionising radiation and health and environmental risks	98
1. The state of knowledge of the hazards and risks associated with ionising radiation	100
2. The different sources of ionising radiation	103
3. Monitoring of exposure to ionising radiation	106
02 - The principles of nuclear safety and radiation protection and the regulation and oversight stakeholders	120
1. The principles of nuclear safety and radiation protection	122
2. The stakeholders	126
3. Financing the regulation of nuclear safety and radiation protection	141
4. Outlook	120
03 - Regulation of nuclear activities and exposure to ionising radiation	144
1. Verifying that the licensee assumes its responsibilities	146
2. Ensuring that regulation uses a graded approach to the implications	147
3. Performing efficient regulation and oversight	150
4. Monitoring the impact of nuclear activities and radioactivity in the environment	158
5. Inspections concerning counterfeit, falsifications and suspected fraud, and processing of reported cases	164
6. Identifying and correcting deviations	166
04 - Radiological emergency and post-accident situations	168
1. Planning ahead	170
2. ASN’s role in an emergency and post-accident situation	175
3. Learning from experience	177
4. Outlook	179
05 - Informing the public	180
1. Developing relations with the various audiences	182
2. Reinforcing the right to information and participation of the public	186
06 - International relations	190
1. ASN’s objectives regarding international relations	192
2. The European framework for ASN’s international relations	193
3. The multilateral framework for ASN’s international relations	197
4. International conventions	199
5. The bilateral framework for ASN’s international relations	200
6. Outlook	203
07 - Medical uses of ionising radiation	204
1. Radiation protection and medical uses of ionising radiation	206
2. Nuclear-based medical activities	212
3. Synthesis and prospects	238
08 - Sources of ionising radiation and their industrial, veterinary and research applications	240
1. Industrial, research and veterinary uses of ionising radiation	242
2. The legislative and regulatory framework for industrial, research and veterinary activities	247
3. Assessment of the radiation protection situation in applications involving radiation risks in the industrial, research and veterinary sectors	255
4. Manufacturers and distributors of radioactive sources and their oversight by ASN	264
5. Conclusion and outlook	268
09 - Transport of radioactive substances	270
1. Radioactive substance traffic	272
2. Regulations governing the transport of radioactive substances	274
3. Roles and responsibilities in regulating the transport of radioactive substances	278
4. ASN action in the transport of radioactive substances	279
10 - The EDF Nuclear Power Plants	288
1. General information about Nuclear Power Plants	290
2. Monitoring the nuclear safety of the reactors in operation	294
3. Continued operation of the Nuclear Power Plants	313
4. Regulation and oversight of the safety of the Flamanville EPR reactor	317
5. Regulation and oversight of the EPR 2 reactors project	319
11 - The emergence of small modular reactor projects	320
1. The Government’s call for project proposals	322
2. From power reactors to small modular reactors	322
3. Overview per technology of the small modular reactor projects being monitored by ASN and IRSN	323
4. Implementation of a framework of incremental technical exchanges with ASN and IRSN	323
5. New safety challenges and safety objectives to be adapted	324
6. The need for a vision incorporating the “fuel cycle”	325
7. Standardisation and international cooperation goals	325
12 - “Nuclear fuel cycle” facilities	328
1. The “fuel cycle”	330
2. ASN actions in the field of “fuel cycle” facilities: a graded approach	336
13 - Nuclear research and miscellaneous industrial facilities	338
1. Research facilities, laboratories and other facilities in France	340
2. ASN actions in the field of research facilities: a graded approach	343
14 - Decommissioning of Basic Nuclear Installations	344
1. Technical and legal framework for decommissioning	346
2. Situation of nuclear facilities undergoing decommissioning: specific challenges	350
3. ASN actions related to facilities being decommissioned: a graded approach	359
4. Assessment of the licensees’ decommissioning strategies	360
5. Appendix: List of Basic Nuclear Installations undergoing decommissioning or delicensed as at 31 December 2023	362
15 - Radioactive waste and contaminated sites and soils	366
1. Radioactive waste	368
2. Nuclear safety of waste management support facilities, role of ASN and waste management strategies of the major nuclear licensees	378
3. Management of mining residues and mining waste rock from former uranium mines	382
4. Management of sites and soils contaminated by radioactive substances	384
APPENDIX - Overview of Basic Nuclear Installations as at 31 December 2023	386

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