02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 01 ∙The decommissioning operations are carried out in as short a time frame as possible after shutting down the installation, a time frame which can nevertheless vary from a few years to a few decades, depending on the type of installation and the decommissioning complexity. The decommissioning plan, which describes the operations the licensee intends implementing to decommission its facility, aims to ensure optimal preparation and forward planning for decommissioning. Since 2007, this document has been required as from commissioning of the facility, and is then updated regularly during its lifetime. It capitalises on Operating Experience Feedback (OEF) by identifying any impacts on the future decommissioning operations, and must enable the licensee to justify the chosen decommissioning strategy on the basis of technical and economic criteria. 1.2.2 Post-operational clean-out and achieving the final state The decommissioning and PostOperational Clean-Out (POCO) operations of a nuclear facility must lead to the gradual removal of the radioactive or hazardous substances from the structures and soils, with a view to delicensing the facility and its subsequent withdrawal from the list of BNIs. The radioactive substances can result from activation or deposition phenomena caused by the activities of the BNI or the incidents it has experienced. Hazardous chemical substances can also be present in the facility due to the use of certain processes or products (hydrocarbons, hydrofluoric acid, sodium, etc.). In some cases, the radioactive or hazardous substances migrate into the structures of the BNI buildings, or even into the soils of the site and its surroundings, in which case they must be cleaned out. POCO corresponds to the operations to reduce or eliminate radioactivity or any other hazardous substances remaining in the structures or soils alike. ASN asks the licensees of nuclear facilities to implement POCO practices that integrate the best available methods and techniques under economically acceptable conditions. The complete POCO scenario must always be envisaged as the reference scenario. This scenario, which leads to unconditional release of the buildings and sites, effectively enables the protection of people and the environment to be guaranteed over time with no reservations. In the event of identified technical, economic or financial difficulties, the licensee can submit one or more appropriate POCO scenarios compatible with the site’s futures usages (confirmed, planned and practicable) to ASN. Whatever the case, the licensee must provide elements proving that the reference scenario cannot be applied under acceptable technical and economic conditions and that the planned POCO operations constitute a technical and economic optimum. ASN then examines the scenarios proposed by the licensee and ensures that the POCO will be taken as far as reasonably possible in order to meet the objectives set On the basis of the decommissioning file submitted by the licensee, the Minister issues a Decree stipulating the decommissioning operations to be performed on the installation and the duration of decommissioning. ASN may also impose technical requirements through a resolution in order to regulate the decommissioning operations more closely. Decommissioning concerns all the technical operations carried out with a view to achieving a final state that allows delicensing of the facility. It concerns the electromechanical decommissioning and clean-out and remediation of soils and structures. Decommissioning Decree Decommissioning operations DECREE Delicensing consist in withdrawing a facility from the list of BNIs, which implies that the facility from this point is no longer subject to the BNI legal and administrative system. Delicensing takes place after completion of the decommissioning operations on the basis of a file presenting the final state of the facility. When necessary, usage restrictions may be introduced if it has not been possible to remove all the pollution. Delicensing resolution RESOLUTION The duty of ASN stops here DECOMMISSIONING DELICENSING ASN Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2024 355 Decommissioning of Basic Nuclear Installations 14 15 AP
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