- 72 - 5.2 Loss of the cooling systems / heat sink...............................................................................................146 5.2.1 Loss of the primary heat sink .............................................................................................................151 5.2.2 Loss of the primary heat sink and the alternate heat sink...................................................................156 5.2.3 Conclusion on the planned measures to protect the installations against the risk of losing the ultimate cooling system or the heat sink.......................................................................................157 5.2.4 Measures envisaged to increase the robustness of the facilities with respect to loss of the ultimate cooling system / heat sink...................................................................................................................158 5.3 Loss of the main cooling system combined with loss of the off-site electrical power supplies and the on-site backup supplies..........................................................................................................162 5.3.1 Site autonomy before loss of the normal conditions of core and fuel pool cooling............................163 5.3.2 External actions planned to prevent damage to the fuel.....................................................................163 5.3.3 Measures envisaged to reinforce the robustness of the facilities with respect to loss of the main cooling system combined with total loss of the off-site and backup electrical power supplies..........164 6 SEVERE ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT............................................................................................. 165 6.1 Licensee's accident management organisation and measures..............................................................165 6.1.1 Licensee's accident management organisation...................................................................................165 6.1.2 Possibility of using existing equipment..............................................................................................167 6.1.3 Identification of factors that can hinder accident management and the resulting constraints.............170 6.1.4 Conclusion on the organisational provisions for accident management.............................................175 6.1.5 Measures envisaged to reinforce accident management capabilities..................................................175 6.2 Existing accident management measures further to loss of core cooling............................................176 6.2.1 Before the fuel in the reactor vessel becomes damaged.....................................................................176 6.2.2 After the fuel in the reactor vessel has been damaged........................................................................177 6.2.3 After reactor vessel melt-through.......................................................................................................178 6.3 Maintaining containment integrity after damage to the fuel in the reactor core.................................178 6.3.1 Elimination of the risk of high-pressure fuel damage or core meltdown............................................179 6.3.2 Management of the hydrogen risk in the reactor containment............................................................179 6.3.3 Prevention of reactor containment overpressure ................................................................................180 6.3.4 Prevention of re-criticality..................................................................................................................181 6.3.5 Prevention of basemat melt-through...................................................................................................182 6.3.6 Supply of electricity and compressed air for operation of the equipment used to preserve the containment integrity..........................................................................................................................184 6.3.7 Instrumentation required to protect the integrity of the containment.................................................184 6.3.8 Ability to manage several accidents in the event of simultaneous core melt / fuel damage in different units on the same site.......................................................................................................185 6.3.9 Conclusions concerning the planned steps to maintain the integrity of the containment in the event of a severe accident........................................................................................................186 6.3.10 Steps envisaged for strengthening maintained containment integrity after fuel damage....................187 6.4 Measures to limit radioactive releases in the event of a severe accident.............................................187 6.4.1 Radioactive releases after loss of containment integrity.....................................................................187 6.4.2 Accident management after uncovering of the top of the fuel in the pool..........................................188 6.4.3 Conclusions concerning the steps taken to limit radioactive releases in the event of a severe accident ............................................................................................................................191 7 CONDITIONS CONCERNING THE USE OF OUTSIDE CONTRACTORS (EXCLUDED FROM THE SCOPE OF THE EUROPEAN "STRESS TESTS")............................................................ 193 7.1 Scope of activities concerned by subcontracting.................................................................................193 7.2 Management of subcontracted activities.............................................................................................195 7.2.1 Contractor selection procedures.........................................................................................................195 7.2.2 Steps taken to ensure satisfactory working conditions for the contractor companies.........................196 7.2.3 Monitoring of subcontracted activities...............................................................................................197 7.3 Conclusions on the conditions for the use of contractor companies...................................................199 7.4 Measures envisaged by ASN to strengthen the requirements concerning the conditions for the use of contractor companies...................................................................................................201
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