SFRO (French Society of Radiation Oncology) – Created in 1990, the SFRO meets the need to bring together the radiation oncology professionals, whose training, diplomas, professional interests and conditions of practice differ from those of their radiologist colleagues. Socatri ( Société auxiliaire du Tricastin) Company operating a clean-up and uranium recovery facility in Bollène in the Vaucluse département. Stress tests – Two weeks after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP (Japan), the European council meeting of 24 and 25 March 2011 decided to perform stress tests on the European nuclear power plants in order to take into account the first lessons from the accident in Japan. In France, the stress tests were baptised “Évaluations complémentaires de sûreté” (ECS) (Complementary safety assessments) of the nuclear facilities in the light of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP disaster. By comparison with the European framework, the French exercise was extended to include all nuclear facilities and enhanced by incorporating Social, Organisational and Human Factors (SOHF). TAM ( “Tampon d’Accès du Materiel” – Equipment hatch) – Large-diameter penetration in the reactor containment used to introduce the necessary equipment and materials during reactor outages. TMI (Three Mile Island) – NPP situated in the east of the United States and definitively shut down on 20 September 2019. Commissioned in 1974, the Three Mile Island NPP suffered an accident on 28 March 1979. This accident was rated level 5 on the International Nuclear Events Scale (INES). The plant comprises two separate reactor units, TMI-1 and TMI-2. It was in TMI-2 that the Three Mile Island nuclear accident took place in 1979. TSN [Act] – (Act on Transparency and Nuclear Security) – Act of 13 June 2006 on Transparency and Security in the Nuclear Field, which lays down the legislative bases of the nuclear safety system through application of the principle of “precaution” in the nuclear field. The “TSN Act” lays down the procedures for guaranteeing that the public are informed about nuclear activities and the structures for holding consultations and debates on the subject. It defines all the legal acts applicable to these activities, from the creation authorisations to the inspections carried out by the inspectors and the penal enforcement actions, through to decommissioning. UNGG [reactor] – (Gas Cooled Reactor, known as “UNGG”, the French acronym for Natural Uranium-Graphite-Gas) – EDF's first-generation nuclear reactor, functioning with natural uranium. The first GCR reactor was commissioned at Chinon (Indre-et-Loire département) in 1963. A total of six reactors of this type were built in France. These reactors were shut down between 1973 and 1994, when this technology was abandoned in favour of the pressurised water reactors (PWRs). UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) – Scientific committee of the United Nations for studying the effects of ionising radiation). Created in 1955, this committee brings together experts from 27 countries and reports to United Nations General Assembly. It is a scientific body which validates and endorses the results of national or international studies on the effects of ionising radiation on man. WENRA (Western European Nuclear Regulators’ Association) – Created in 1999 on the initiative of André-Claude Lacoste, who was head of the DSIN at the time and became the first chairman of the association. WENRA brings together the heads of the nuclear regulators of 18 European countries: Germany, Belgium, Bulgaria, Spain, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Czech Republic, Romania, United Kingdom, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine. WHO (World Health Organisation) Specialised agency of the United Nations Organisation (UNO), created in 1948. It depends directly on the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. Zircaloy – Group of zirconium alloys. Zircaloy is used primarily in the nuclear industry as a fuel cladding material (first containment barrier) due to its neutron absorption characteristics. ••• 36 • Les cahiers Histoire de l’ASN • November 2023
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