ACTION TO TAKE IN THE EVENT OF EXTERNAL IRRADIATION Evaluating the dose received 15 SHEET DOSIMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION The dosimetric reconstruction by calculation must be carried out using the physical parameters of the accident, calling upon the expertise of IRSN if necessary. • Gather the information that will allow the dose to be reconstructed. SEE SHEET 5 • Carry out the questioning as soon as possible (record and/or film if possible). The questioning focuses on the irradiation source: radionuclide and activity in the case of sealed sources, characteristics of the irradiator (collimator, etc.), parameters of the X-ray tube or accelerator, etc. It serves to obtain a precise description of the circumstances of the accident. The following shall be indicated at least: • The type of radiation, the activity of the sealed source or the dose rate, the X-ray tube parameters, etc. • The distance between the victim and the source. • The position of the victim with respect to the source and any shielding. • The nature (material) and dimensions of the shielding, if any. • The different exposure sequences. • The exposure durations for each sequence. SEE SHEETS 5 14 Physical dosimetry READING DOSIMETERS There are two possibilities for making a rapid evaluation in the event of an irradiation accident involving a person habitually monitored for the risk of exposure to ionising radiation: Possibility 1: read the dose displayed on the active dosimeter. Possibility 2: send the passive dosimeter by express delivery to the dosimetry laboratory. RETROSPECTIVE DOSIMETRY The techniques are based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and thermally or optically stimulated luminescence (TSL and OSL respectively). • Use the materials present in the personal effects or in the clothing to confirm the exposure scenario and estimate the doses received by the organs or tissues. • Ideally keep and list all the personal effects. The following items can be prioritised: telephone or any other electronic object, watch, spectacles, pack of tobacco or cigarettes, sweets, medication, sugar, sweeteners. The clothes shall be kept if possible: do not wash them (follow the victim undressing procedures). • Indicate precisely where the samples were taken (don't hesitate to take photos), store the samples (at ambient room temperature and preferably away from light). The dose estimations depend on the information concerning the location of the samples taken, obtained during the questioning. IN PRACTICE All the materials are to be sent to a specialised laboratory (IRSN in France) IRSN duty engineer in case of radiological emergency, 24/24h 7/7d: +33 6 07 31 56 63 Examples: • Material samples that could be taken from the victims: nails, tooth enamel, etc. • Objects carried by the victims or present in their near environment during the accident (sugars, plastics, etc.). © Bertin Technologies © APVL ingénierie © Landauaer © Grégoire Maisonneuve/ Médiathèque IRSN 52 MEDICAL RESPONSE IN NUCLEAR OR RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY
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