SHEET Before evacuation: stabilising and preparing the victims ACTION TO TAKE ON THE SITE OF THE EVENT 20 The victims with external contamination are prepared for emergency decontamination at the scene of the event. But this must not delay the evacuation of the most seriously affected victims. Responders • Emergency response teams: FRS • Emergency medical teams: SMUR, RRHU Places Controlled zone + Medical-surgical urgencies take priority over contamination and irradiation. These are conventional medical measures to prepare the victim for evacuation from the site (peripheral venous route, if necessary, check of the airways, administration of treatment if necessary, etc.). Take the technical actions: first resuscitation measures 1 The aim of this “radiological” preparation before leaving the zone is to avoid any transfer of contamination: the dissemination of contamination must be kept to the lowest level possible. • After cleaning the face, protect the victim’s upper airways by placing an FFP3 mask or, failing this, an FFP2 mask on their face. • Limit the spreading of contamination: remove the outer clothing or, if this is not possible, confine the radionuclide(s) deposited on the clothing (without passing over the head) and put a surgical cap on their head. Radionuclides must not be put back into suspension in the surrounding environment (spray water to fix the dust). • Protect the evacuation stretcher: with a vinyl sheet for example. The procedures must be adjusted according to the condition of the victim: able-bodied or incapacitated (see diagrams on next page). The emergency decontamination is then carried out by the emergency response services (fire brigade) or the medical personnel (SAMU, SMUR and RRHU), who take care of these victims at the Victim Assembly Area (VAA). Prepare the victims 2 MEDICAL RESPONSE IN NUCLEAR OR RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY 65
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