ACTION TO TAKE ON THE SITE OF THE EVENT 25SHEET In the VAA: decontaminating the relative urgencies The Relative Urgencies (RU) receive all the necessary emergency care at the Victim Assembly Area (VAA), concomitantly with emergency decontamination. Full decontamination is carried out in a second phase. Responders • Emergency response teams: FRS • Emergency medical teams: SMUR, RRHU Places Controlled zone + Always decontaminate. 3 to 4 steps to follow, depending on the case. • Clean the face with a damp compress. • Protect the upper airways (to avoid transforming external contamination into internal contamination) and put in place an FFP3 or FFP2 mask or a surgical mask, in that order of preference. • If the contamination takes the form of dust, spray lightly with water to avoid dispersing any dust deposited on clothing. The skin must not be bare or be wet, to avoid letting contamination of clothing lead to skin contamination. Particular attention must be paid to potentially contaminated run-offs. • Remove the outer layer of clothing, which removes up to 90% of the external contamination: follow the same procedure as that applicable to 1st line healthcare facilities. The procedure differs depending on whether the victims are standing or lying down. SEE SHEET 33 Emergency actions and emergency decontamination 1 Detection (locating skin contamination) 2 Detection, even coarse, must be able to locate the skin contamination. In the case of a large-scale event, detection cannot be carried out in the minutes immediately following its occurrence because it depends on the availability of the radiation protection equipment of the Mobile Radiological Response Units (MRRU) and the Emergency Medical Assistance Service (SAMU). It must be done as soon as possible. When radioactive particles disperse in the atmosphere, the background radiation can be such that it risks rendering the detection uninterpretable. If such is the case, choose a new location for taking the measurements. Use a detector equipped with a suitable probe for the type of radiation: • X-ray probe in the majority of cases. All radionuclides except for pure -emitters can be detected with an X-ray probe. The locating quality is excellent and the efficiency is satisfactory. • If the radionuclide(s) is/are not known, the X-ray detection probe must be used first, then a beta-gamma probe and then an alpha probe. If no means of detection are available, this step can be postponed. SEE SHEET 32 78 MEDICAL RESPONSE IN NUCLEAR OR RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY
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