ACTION TO TAKE ON THE SITE OF THE EVENT 27SHEET In the VAA: treating internal contamination and contaminated wounds WHY ADMINISTER AN EMERGENCY TREATMENT? When a radionuclide is incorporated in an organism, it irradiates the tissues for a time that varies according to the physical half-life of the radionuclide and its biological retention in the organs (this is the committed dose). The therapy aims to speed up the natural elimination of the contaminant. This reduces the quantity of radioactivity retained in the organism and hence the dose received by the tissues/ organs and the risk of radiation-induced cancer. i PLACE OF TREATMENT RESPONDERS TREATMENT If the accident occurs on a nuclear site Site’s medical service The medical service has the appropriate antidotes for the radionuclides present on the site, as indicated in the radionuclide handbook. Off the nuclear site in prehospital situation Emergency Medical Assistance Service (SAMU) Emergency Medical and Resuscitation Service (SMUR) Ca‑DTPA, potassium iodide, Prussian Blue and Succimer (in the Mobile Medical Stations – MMS). Rapid Response Health Unit (RRHU) of the Fire and Rescue Service (FRS) Ca‑DTPA, Succimer and Prussian Blue (in the “VAA CBRN” kits). Off nuclear site for hospital treatment Regionally competent SAMU‑Emergency call centre (15): it ensures the medical regulation to direct the patient(s) to the appropriate 1st line healthcare facilities which have the required treatment capabilities in addition to those implemented on the ground. SEE SHEETS 38 to 40 + radionuclide handbook10 WHO ADMINISTERS THE TREATMENT? Any person with suspected internal contamination must receive emergency treatment. The emergency treatment is applied a priori, unlike the long-term treatment, which must be determined according to the extent of the radioactivity incorporated. Responders • O n nuclear site: medical service • Off nuclear site: emergency medical teams (FRS, RRHU, SAMU, SMUR) + If possible, the treatment must be administered within two hours following contamination: as early as possible once the potential contaminating radionuclide(s) has/ have been identified. In the event of broad-spectrum contamination (mix of fission products), the recommended treatment comprises the following administered together: potassium iodide, Prussian Blue and Ca‑DTPA. Early administration is justified by the fact that this treatment has no habitual contraindications and it does not interfere with other treatments. Emergency treatment (as early as possible) IRSN may be consulted for a specialised opinion at call duty number : +33 6 07 31 56 63 available 24h/24, 7d/7. 10. It gives the recommended emergency treatments for the radionuclides concerned, with the radionuclides presented in alphabetical order. 82 MEDICAL RESPONSE IN NUCLEAR OR RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NjQ0NzU=